Efficient Empirical Risk Minimization with Smooth Loss Functions in Non-interactive Local Differential Privacy

In this paper, we study the Empirical Risk Minimization problem in the non-interactive local model of differential privacy. We first show that if the ERM loss function is $(\infty, T)$-smooth, then we can avoid a dependence of the sample complexity, to achieve error $\alpha$, on the exponential of the dimensionality $p$ with base $1/\alpha$ ({\em i.e.,} $\alpha^{-p}$), which answers a question in \cite{smith2017interaction}. Our approach is based on Bernstein polynomial approximation. Then, we propose player-efficient algorithms with $1$-bit communication complexity and $O(1)$ computation cost for each player. The error bound is asymptotically the same as the original one. Also with additional assumptions we show a server efficient algorithm with polynomial running time. At last, we propose (efficient) non-interactive locally differential private algorithms, based on different types of polynomial approximations, for learning the set of k-way marginal queries and the set of smooth queries.

[1]  Martin J. Wainwright,et al.  Minimax Optimal Procedures for Locally Private Estimation , 2016, ArXiv.

[2]  Li Zhang,et al.  Nearly Optimal Private LASSO , 2015, NIPS.

[3]  Alexander Barg,et al.  Optimal Schemes for Discrete Distribution Estimation Under Locally Differential Privacy , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[4]  Marco Gaboardi,et al.  Dual Query: Practical Private Query Release for High Dimensional Data , 2014, ICML.

[5]  Raef Bassily,et al.  Local, Private, Efficient Protocols for Succinct Histograms , 2015, STOC.

[6]  Divesh Srivastava,et al.  Marginal Release Under Local Differential Privacy , 2017, SIGMOD Conference.

[7]  Alexander Barg,et al.  Asymptotically optimal private estimation under mean square loss , 2017, ArXiv.

[8]  Yuanzhi Li,et al.  Algorithms and matching lower bounds for approximately-convex optimization , 2016, NIPS.

[9]  Roman Vershynin,et al.  Introduction to the non-asymptotic analysis of random matrices , 2010, Compressed Sensing.

[10]  Kobbi Nissim,et al.  Clustering Algorithms for the Centralized and Local Models , 2017, ALT.

[11]  Ashwin Machanavajjhala,et al.  Utility Cost of Formal Privacy for Releasing National Employer-Employee Statistics , 2017, SIGMOD Conference.

[12]  Joseph P. Near,et al.  Differential Privacy at Scale: Uber and Berkeley Collaboration , 2018 .

[13]  Ohad Shamir,et al.  Stochastic Convex Optimization , 2009, COLT.

[14]  Vincent Kanade,et al.  Clustering Algorithms , 2021, Wireless RF Energy Transfer in the Massive IoT Era.

[15]  Martin J. Wainwright,et al.  Local privacy and statistical minimax rates , 2013, 2013 51st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton).

[16]  Sanjeev Khanna,et al.  Distributed Private Heavy Hitters , 2012, ICALP.

[17]  Di Wang,et al.  Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization Revisited: Faster and More General , 2018, NIPS.

[18]  Raef Bassily,et al.  Practical Locally Private Heavy Hitters , 2017, NIPS.

[19]  Charles A. Micchelli,et al.  The saturation class and iterates of the Bernstein polynomials , 1973 .

[20]  Cynthia Dwork,et al.  Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis , 2006, TCC.

[21]  Liwei Wang,et al.  Differentially Private Data Releasing for Smooth Queries , 2016, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[22]  Raef Bassily,et al.  Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization: Efficient Algorithms and Tight Error Bounds , 2014, 1405.7085.

[23]  Liusheng Huang,et al.  Local private ordinal data distribution estimation , 2017, IEEE INFOCOM 2017 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[24]  Anand D. Sarwate,et al.  Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization , 2009, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[25]  Liwei Wang,et al.  Collect at Once, Use Effectively: Making Non-interactive Locally Private Learning Possible , 2017, ICML.

[26]  Rocco A. Servedio,et al.  Private data release via learning thresholds , 2011, SODA.

[27]  Jun Tang,et al.  Privacy Loss in Apple's Implementation of Differential Privacy on MacOS 10.12 , 2017, ArXiv.

[28]  Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein,et al.  The Bernstein Mechanism: Function Release under Differential Privacy , 2017, AAAI.

[29]  Peter Kairouz,et al.  Discrete Distribution Estimation under Local Privacy , 2016, ICML.

[30]  Salil Vadhan,et al.  17 58 v 3 [ cs . D S ] 1 4 M ar 2 01 4 Faster Algorithms for Privately Releasing Marginals ∗ , 2018 .

[31]  Aaron Roth,et al.  Privately releasing conjunctions and the statistical query barrier , 2010, STOC '11.

[32]  Úlfar Erlingsson,et al.  RAPPOR: Randomized Aggregatable Privacy-Preserving Ordinal Response , 2014, CCS.

[33]  Uri Stemmer,et al.  Heavy Hitters and the Structure of Local Privacy , 2017, PODS.

[34]  Sofya Raskhodnikova,et al.  What Can We Learn Privately? , 2008, 2008 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science.

[35]  Eran Omri,et al.  Distributed Private Data Analysis: On Simultaneously Solving How and What , 2008, CRYPTO.

[36]  Adam D. Smith,et al.  Is Interaction Necessary for Distributed Private Learning? , 2017, 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP).