The Living Lab methodology for complex environments: Insights from the thermal refurbishment of a historical district in the city of Cahors, France

Abstract The city centre of Cahors (southwest of France) is recognized as a historical heritage site and, like other city centres in Europe, it faces the complex challenge of the thermal retrofitting of old dwellings. This complexity is partly explained by the relative incompatibility of the French energy performance certificate with the retrofitting of old buildings, and by the frequent conflicts between heritage conservation policies and energy efficiency improvements. Today, the level of deterioration and the high vacancy rate of the dwellings, combined with the fuel poverty of their occupants has created an urgent need for an energy retrofit. In order to respond to this set of problems, the city council of Cahors has initiated the “Living Lab” approach, an original idea. The methodology, participants, objectives and obstacles of which are presented in this paper. Living Labs have emerged as a new research concept in which users, traditionally considered as observed subjects and end clients, become co-creators of the innovation process. As opposed to classical approaches, which may fail due to the contradictions among political, ecological, socioeconomic and technological interests, the user centred approach allows the emergence of a sustainable answer in a complex eco-system in a real life context. The first result of this study was the success associated with involving many participants – craftsmen, students, end-users, local authorities, material producers – which enabled an efficient and acceptable solution to be found for refurbishment. Another issue was the improvement of both energy efficiency and hydrothermal indoor comfort for the end-users. Longer term results will be the reduction of fuel poverty for occupants, and a city centre that is alive and enjoyable to live in again.

[1]  A. Gustavsen,et al.  Moisture Buffering of Building Materials , 2005 .

[2]  S. S. Chandel,et al.  Review of energy efficient features in vernacular architecture for improving indoor thermal comfort conditions , 2016 .

[3]  Juan-Luis Klein,et al.  L’approche Living Lab et l’aménagement des espaces ouverts agricoles. Un exemple en région métropolitaine de Montréal , 2015 .

[4]  Ross Jones,et al.  Living labs and co-production : university campuses as platforms for sustainability science , 2015 .

[5]  Y. Sintomer,et al.  Gestion de proximité et démocratie participative : une perspective comparative , 2005 .

[6]  Paul Hanna,et al.  Social housing retrofit strategies in England and France: A parametric and behavioural analysis , 2015 .

[7]  K. McCormick,et al.  Urban living labs for sustainability and low carbon cities in Europe: towards a research agenda , 2016 .

[8]  Frank Nevens,et al.  Urban Transition Labs: co-creating transformative action for sustainable cities , 2013 .

[9]  R. Scholz,et al.  Transdisciplinarity : joint problem solving among science, technology, and society : an effective way for managing complexity , 2001 .

[10]  Jenny Palm,et al.  Understanding energy efficiency in Swedish residential building renovation: A practice theory approach , 2016 .

[11]  B. Sovacool What Are We Doing Here? Analyzing Fifteen Years of Energy Scholarship and Proposing a Social Science Research Agenda , 2014 .

[12]  C. Nicolas Espace public et engagement politique - enjeux et logiques de la citoyenneté locale , 2004 .

[13]  Daniel Spreng,et al.  Transdisciplinary energy research – Reflecting the context , 2014 .

[14]  Ignacio Cañas,et al.  Recovery of Spanish vernacular construction as a model of bioclimatic architecture , 2004 .

[15]  Laurent Dupont,et al.  Transfert du génie industriel vers l'ingénierie urbaine : vers une approche collaborative des projets urbains , 2009 .

[16]  Francesca Romana d’Ambrosio Alfano,et al.  Preface to the Special Issue: Designing the Retrofit , 2015 .

[17]  Jean-Philippe Brouant,et al.  Code de la construction et de l'habitation , 2011 .

[18]  Francisco G. Montoya,et al.  Review of bioclimatic architecture strategies for achieving thermal comfort , 2015 .