Simulation of root development based on the dielectric breakdown model

La connaissance de la repartition des racines dans le sol est essentielle pour estimer l'absorption de l'eau par les plantes. Il est cependant difficile de caracteriser et de modeliser systemes racinaires non perturbes. Cette etude est consacree a la simulation du developpement des racines dans un champ de potentiel bidimensionnel en appliquant un modele de rupture dielectrique (Dielectric Breakdown Model-DBM). L'emploi de ce modele se justifie par l'analogie entre decharge electrique et repartition des racines. On a utilise un gradient de potentiel ponder, par un exposant η pour creer des distributions de probabilite de croissance des racines. Les racines simulees ont ete produites par iteration en generant des nombres aleatoires suivant les distributions de probabilite specifiees. Deux sources d'eau ont ete etudiees: sources ponctuelles et sources lineaires. Dans les deux cas, les systemes racinaires simules passent d'une allure groupee et dense a une allure allongee et eparse et leur dimension fractale diminue lorsque la valeur de η augmente. A chaque type de sources correspond un mode precis de developpement des racines. On peut conclure que le modele de rupture dielectrique s'est revele efficace pour decrire le developpement des racines des plantes cultivees dans des regimes hydriques varies, en rendant possible la simulation de differents types de systemes racinaires.

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