Characterisation of painting materials from Eritrea rock art sites with non-destructive spectroscopic techniques

Rock painting samples from Eritrean archaeological sites were studied by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and proton-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE). Hematite and manganese oxides/hydroxides were determined in red and black paints, respectively. Since colours do not contain carbon, the paintings cannot be dated with 14 C. Moderate amounts of calcium carbonate or sulphate were also observed in most red drawings, while traces of phosphorus were found by PIXE only in a few red and black samples. © 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.