Chapter 26 – Biophysical Behavior of Red Cells in Suspensions

[1]  A. H. Goodman,et al.  Hindlimb blood flow and oxygen usage in hemorrhagic shock. , 1969, Journal of applied physiology.

[2]  A. C. Guyton,et al.  Effect of Hematocrit on Venous Return , 1961, Circulation research.

[3]  D. Brooks.  The effect of neutral polymers on the electrokinetic potential of cells and other charged particles: II. A model for the effect of adsorbed polymer on the diffuse double layer , 1973 .

[4]  John A. Johnson,et al.  Vascular Effects of Hypertonic Solutions , 1960, Circulation research.

[5]  A. Dobell,et al.  Biologic Evaluation of Blood After Prolonged Recirculation Through Film and Membrane Oxygenators , 1965, Annals of surgery.

[6]  E H BLOCH,et al.  A quantitative study of the hemodynamics in the living microvascular system. , 1962, The American journal of anatomy.

[7]  M. Amdur,et al.  Postoperative alterations in the coagulation mechanism of the blood; observations on circulating thromboplastin. , 1950, Archives of surgery.

[8]  J. Crowell,et al.  Oxygen transport in hemorrhagic shock as a function of the hematocrit ratio. , 1959, American Journal of Physiology.

[9]  C. Conley,et al.  EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE ON THE WATER BALANCE IN MAN , 1945 .

[10]  E. G. Tickner.  Concentration effects on viscosity in models of blood flow through capillaries. , 1972, Microvascular research.

[11]  J. Crowell,et al.  INFLUENCE OF HEMATOCRIT RATIO ON SURVIVAL OF UNACCLIMATIZED DOGS AT SIMULATED HIGH ALTITUDE. , 1963, The American journal of physiology.

[12]  H. Bang,et al.  Myocardial infarction and whole-blood viscosity. , 2009, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum.

[13]  Centrifugal Packing of Suspensions of Erythrocytes Hardened with Acetaldehyde∗ , 1968 .

[14]  H. C. Godal,et al.  Quantitative and qualitative changes in fibrinogen following major surgical operations. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[15]  S. Kontras.  Polycythemia and hyperviscosity syndromes in infants and children. , 1972, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[16]  A C BURTON,et al.  The physics of blood flood in capillaries. II. The capillary resistance to flow. , 1962, Biophysical journal.

[17]  Replogle Rl.  The nature of blood sludging, and its relationship to the pathophysiological mechanisms of trauma and shock. , 1969 .

[18]  H. Fudenberg,et al.  MULTIPLE MYELOMA WITH TWO PARAPROTEIN PEAKS: AN INSTRUCTIVE CASE. , 1965, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.

[19]  M. Bretscher.  Membrane Structure: Some General Principles , 1973, Science.

[20]  L. Dintenfass,et al.  Viscosity of blood in normal subjects and in patients suffering from coronary occlusion and arterial thrombosis. An in vitro study in the absence of anticoagulants, by means of a rotational cone-in-cone trolley viscometer. , 1966, American heart journal.

[21]  H. Bazett,et al.  CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON THE VOLUME AND COMPOSITION OF BLOOD IN MAN , 1940 .

[22]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  The formation of emulsions in definable fields of flow , 1934 .

[23]  P. Canham,et al.  The rate of sedimentation of individual human red blood cells , 1971, Journal of cellular physiology.

[24]  R. Swank.  Suspension stability of the blood after injections of dextran. , 1958, Journal of applied physiology.

[25]  J. Fahey,et al.  SERUM HYPERVISCOSITY SYNDROME. , 1965, JAMA.

[26]  R. Swank.  Blood viscosity in cerebrovascular disease , 1959, Neurology.

[27]  A. Bangham,et al.  An Apparatus for Microelectrophoresis of Small Particles , 1958, Nature.

[28]  L. Horton,et al.  CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC ENDOMETRITIS , 1976, The Lancet.

[29]  J. H. Jandl,et al.  The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. II. Pyrogenic, leukocytic and dermal responses to immune hemolysis. , 1958, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[30]  E. Evans.  A new material concept for the red cell membrane. , 1973, Biophysical journal.

[31]  R. Roscoe.  The viscosity of suspensions of rigid spheres , 1952 .

[32]  S Chien,et al.  Shear-dependent deformation of erythrocytes in rheology of human blood. , 1970, American Journal of Physiology.

[33]  Donald E. Brooks,et al.  The effect of neutral polymers on the electrokinetic potential of cells and other charged particles: IV. Electrostatic effects in dextran-mediated cellular interactions☆ , 1973 .

[34]  P. Canham,et al.  Sedimentation of single human red blood cells. Differences between normal and glutaraldehyde fixed cells , 1972, Journal of cellular physiology.

[35]  T. Howells,et al.  Anaesthesia and sickle-cell haemoglobin. With a case report. , 1972, British journal of anaesthesia.

[36]  G. Cokelet,et al.  Rheological Comparison of Hemoglobin Solutions and Erythrocyte Suspensions , 1968, Science.

[37]  Messer Mj,et al.  Filtration characteristics of sickle cells: rates of alteration of filterability after deoxygenation and reoxygenation, and correlations with sickling and unsickling. , 1970 .

[38]  J. Weaver,et al.  AN EFFECT OF D-GLUCOSE ON PLATELET STICKINESS. , 1965, Lancet.

[39]  J. Ludbrook,et al.  The rheologic properties of low molecular weight dextrans: fact or fancy? , 1966, American heart journal.

[40]  F. Konotey-Ahulu.  Anaesthetic deaths and the sickle-cell trait. , 1969, Lancet.

[41]  R. Skalak,et al.  Non-Newtonian behavior of a suspension of liquid drops in tube flow , 1972 .

[42]  R. Rand,et al.  MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RED CELL MEMBRANE. II. VISCOELASTIC BREAKDOWN OF THE MEMBRANE. , 1964, Biophysical journal.

[43]  J. Bishop,et al.  The circulation in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema at rest and during exercise, with special reference to the influence of changes in blood viscosity and blood volume on the pulmonary circulation. , 1966, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[44]  J. Fahey.  SERUM PROTEIN DISORDERS CAUSING CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE. , 1963, Journal of chronic diseases.

[45]  J. Mitchison,et al.  The Mechanical Properties of the Cell Surface I. The Cell Elastimeter , 1954 .

[46]  S. Chien,et al.  Influence of the Ionic Composition of Fluid Medium on Red Cell Aggregation , 1973, The Journal of general physiology.

[47]  S Chien,et al.  Effect of hematocrit and rouleaux on apparent viscosity in capillaries. , 1972, Biorheology.

[48]  W. Dameshek,et al.  THE DIAGNOSIS OF POLYCYTHEMIA , 1940 .

[49]  M. Mackenzie,et al.  Primary macrocryogelglobulinemia. Remission with adrenal corticosteroid therapy. , 1967, Archives of internal medicine.

[50]  H. Thomas.  The wall effect in capillary instruments: an improved analysis suitable for application to blood and other particulate suspensions , 1962 .

[51]  A. C. Allison.  Properties of sickle-cell haemoglobin. , 1957, The Biochemical journal.

[52]  S. Usami,et al.  Decreased deformability of Plasmodium coatneyi-infected red cells and its possible relation to cerebral malaria. , 1972, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[53]  S Chien,et al.  Flow Characteristics of Human Erythrocytes through Polycarbonate Sieves , 1967, Science.

[54]  G. Burch,et al.  The hematocrit in patients with myocardial infarction. , 1962, JAMA.

[55]  H. Meiselman,et al.  The effects of fibrination on the in vivo rheology of dog blood. , 1972, Microvascular research.

[56]  R. Wells,et al.  Studies of platelet adhesiveness, blood viscosity and the microcirculation in patients with thrombotic disease. , 1969, Journal of atherosclerosis research.

[57]  A. Erslev,et al.  EFFECT OF MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION ON VISCOSITY. , 1963, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[58]  J. Wyman,et al.  The interaction of bromthymol blue with hemoglobin and its effect on the oxygen equilibrium. , 1963, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[59]  R. B. Cole,et al.  Neonatal polycythemia with transient cyanosis and cardiorespiratory abnormalities. , 1966, The Journal of pediatrics.

[60]  John R Murphy,et al.  The influence of pH and temperature on some physical properties of normal erythrocytes and erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherecytosis , 1967 .

[61]  Robin Fåhræus,et al.  THE VISCOSITY OF THE BLOOD IN NARROW CAPILLARY TUBES , 1931 .

[62]  R. Varco,et al.  PROLONGED MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT: ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS. , 1965, Surgery.

[63]  J. Ditzel.  Haemorheological factors in the development of diabetic microangiopathy. , 1967, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[64]  J. H. Lawrence.  The control of polycythemia by marrow inhibition; a 10-year study of 172 patients. , 1949, Journal of the American Medical Association.

[65]  H J Meiselman,et al.  Velocity profiles of human blood at normal and reduced hematocrit in glass tubes up to 130 diameter. , 1970, Microvascular research.

[66]  H. Aronson,et al.  Influence of anaesthetics on rheology of human blood , 1968, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[67]  F. Quaade.  Letter: Stereotaxy for obesity. , 1974, Lancet.

[68]  D. Danks,et al.  NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH HAEMATOCRIT READING. , 1964, The Lancet.

[69]  E. Blout,et al.  Water-Soluble Helical Polypeptides , 1962 .

[70]  M. Nakao,et al.  Adenosine Triphosphate and Maintenance of Shape of the Human Red Cells , 1960, Nature.

[71]  P. Seeman.  III. A method for distinguishing specific from nonspecific hemolysins , 1966 .

[72]  L. Dintenfass,et al.  Viscosity of the packed red and white blood cells. , 1965, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[73]  R B Whittington,et al.  Blood-plasma viscosity: an approximate temperature-invariant arising from generalised concepts. , 1970, Biorheology.

[74]  C. Rudenstam,et al.  Hidden Acidosis Following Intravascular Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Dogs: * Effects of High and Low Viscosity Dextran , 1965, Annals of surgery.

[75]  R. Wells,et al.  Red cell deformation and fluidity of concentrated cell suspensions. , 1969, Journal of applied physiology.

[76]  L. Dintenfass,et al.  CHANGES IN THE BLOOD VISCOSITY AND THE CONSISTENCY OF ARTIFICIAL THROMBI IN 17‐YEAR‐OLD GIRLS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE , 1968, The Medical journal of Australia.

[77]  R M Hochmuth,et al.  Capillary blood flow. I. Erythrocyte deformation in glass capillaries. , 1970, Microvascular research.

[78]  Y C Fung,et al.  Theory of the sphering of red blood cells. , 1968, Biophysical journal.

[79]  H. Abelson,et al.  Polycythemia in small for gestational age infants. , 1969, The Journal of pediatrics.

[80]  A. Steel.  The laboratory diagnosis of macroglobulinaemia by viscometry. , 1963, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[81]  M. D. Rourke,et al.  A METHOD FOR CORRECTING THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE FOR VARIATIONS IN THE CELL VOLUME PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD. , 1930, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[82]  E. Merrill,et al.  RHEOLOGY OF HUMAN BLOOD AND HYPERLIPEMIA. , 1964, Journal of applied physiology.

[83]  J F Gross,et al.  Mathematical models of capillary flow: a critical review. , 1972, Biorheology.

[84]  R. Skalak,et al.  Strain energy function of red blood cell membranes. , 1973, Biophysical journal.

[85]  S Chien,et al.  Abnormal rheology of oxygenated blood in sickle cell anemia. , 1970, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[86]  P. Rand,et al.  HEMODILUTION, TONICITY, AND BLOOD VISCOSITY. , 1964, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[87]  Y. C. Fung,et al.  Improved measurements of the erythrocyte geometry. , 1972, Microvascular research.

[88]  S. Chien,et al.  Blood viscosity at low shear rates. Effects of low and high molecular dextrans1 , 1963 .

[89]  O. Egeberg.  Changes in the coagulation system following major surgical operations. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[90]  R. P. Noble,et al.  BLOOD VOLUME IN CLINICAL SHOCK. II. THE EXTENT AND CAUSE OF BLOOD VOLUME REDUCTION IN TRAUMATIC, HEMORRHAGIC, AND BURN SHOCK. , 1946, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[91]  W. Rosenblum,et al.  Effects of Dehydration on Blood Viscosity and on Distribution of Plasma Proteins in Experimental Macroglobulinaemia , 1967, Nature.

[92]  M. Friedman,et al.  INDUCTION OF ARTERIAL LIPOGENESIS BY RED CELLS. , 1964, The American journal of pathology.

[93]  C. W. Gottschalk,et al.  Micropuncture study of composition of proximal and distal tubular fluid in rat kidney. , 1963, The American journal of physiology.

[94]  R. Swank,et al.  An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Alteration of Blood During Acute Hypotension : Effect of Continuous Glass Wool Filtration , 2022 .

[95]  D N Walder,et al.  Blood viscosity and Raynaud's disease. , 1973, Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

[96]  S. Chien,et al.  Blood volume, hemodynamic, and metabolic changes in hemorrhagic shock in normal and splenectomized dogs. , 1973, The American journal of physiology.

[97]  E. Fonkalsrud,et al.  Denaturation of plasma proteins as a cause of morbidity and death after intracardiac operations. , 1961, Surgery.

[98]  R M Hochmuth,et al.  Capillary blood flow. II. Deformable model cells in tube flow. , 1970, Microvascular research.

[99]  P. L. Celle.  Alteration of Deformability of the Erythrocyte Membrane in Stored Blood , 1969 .

[100]  G. Cokelet,et al.  The Fahraeus effect. , 1971, Microvascular research.

[101]  L. Weiss.  The structure of bone marrow. Functional interrelationships of vascular and hematopoietic compartments in experimental hemolytic anemia: An electron microscopic study , 1965, Journal of morphology.

[102]  D. Brooks.  The effect of neutral polymers on the electrokinetic potential of cells and other charged particles: III. Experimental studies on the dextran/erythrocyte system , 1973 .

[103]  H. Jacob,et al.  Effects of sulfhydryl inhibition on red blood cells. II. Studies in vivo. , 1962, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[104]  D. Danforth,et al.  Fluctuations in weight, hematocrit and plasma protein with the menstrual cycle. , 1946, Endocrinology.

[105]  A. A. Gilberteon.  ANAESTHESIA IN WEST AFRICAN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE-CELL ANAEMIA, HAEMOGLOBIN SC DISEASE, AND SICKLE-CELL TRAIT , 1965 .

[106]  G. Batchelor,et al.  The determination of the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles to order c2 , 1972, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[107]  P. Lalezari.  A New Method for Detection of Red Blood Cell Antibodies , 1968, Transfusion.

[108]  H. Meiselman,et al.  Effect of dextran on rheology of human blood: low shear viscometery. , 1967, Journal of applied physiology.

[109]  S. Chien,et al.  Blood Viscosity: Influence of Erythrocyte Deformation , 1967, Science.

[110]  S. Rowlands,et al.  The resistance to blood flow in the capillaries. , 1972, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[111]  R. E. Peterson,et al.  "Relative polycythemia" or "pseudopolycythemia". , 1962, Archives of internal medicine.

[112]  F. R. Winton,et al.  The apparent viscosity of blood flowing in the isolated hindlimb of the dog, and its variation with corpuscular concentration , 1933, The Journal of physiology.

[113]  S. G. Mason,et al.  The viscosity of dilute emulsions , 1958 .

[114]  Y. Nubar.  Blood flow, slip, and viscometry. , 1971, Biophysical journal.

[115]  Lacelle Pl.  Alteration of membrane deformability in hemolytic anemias. , 1970 .

[116]  G. Arturson,et al.  THE RENAL CLEARANCE OF DEXTRAN OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR SIZES IN NORMAL HUMANS. , 1964, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[117]  L. Weiss.  THE STRUCTURE OF THE NORMAL SPLEEN. , 1965, Seminars in hematology.

[118]  W. Watson.  Lipaemia, heparin, and blood viscosity. , 1957, Lancet.

[119]  Shu Chien,et al.  Role of Surface Electric Charge in Red Blood Cell Interactions , 1973, The Journal of general physiology.

[120]  R. Skalak,et al.  Deformation of Red Blood Cells in Capillaries , 1969, Science.

[121]  R. Dybkaer,et al.  IN VITRO--PRECIPITATIONS IN PLASMA BY LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN. , 1964, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[122]  D. Jones,et al.  Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in rats with malignant hypertension. , 1968, Blood.

[123]  A. Ylppo.  Children's Clinic, Helsinki. , 1948, Lancet.

[124]  L. Juhlin,et al.  Basophil leukocytes in cantharidin blisters on patients with internal disorders. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[125]  Edward W. Merrill,et al.  The Rheology of Human Blood—Measurement Near and at Zero Shear Rate , 1963 .

[126]  S Chien,et al.  Blood Viscosity: Influence of Erythrocyte Aggregation , 1967, Science.

[127]  B. Bull,et al.  Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia: the Experimental Production of Haemolysis and Red‐Cell Fragmentation by Defibrination in Vivo , 1968, British journal of haematology.

[128]  J. Kemble,et al.  Postoperative changes in blood viscosity and the influence of haematocrit and plasma‐fibrinogen , 1972, The British journal of surgery.

[129]  R. Waterfield.  The effects of posture on the circulating blood volume , 1931, The Journal of physiology.

[130]  J. Ditzel,et al.  Blood-viscosity in diabetic patients. , 1966, Lancet.

[131]  J. Murray,et al.  Viscosity effects on pressure-flow relations and vascular resistance in dogs' lungs. , 1969, Journal of applied physiology.

[132]  Hathaway We,et al.  Fetal erythrocyte deformability. , 1972 .

[133]  W. Rosenblum,et al.  Malfunction of cerebral microcirculation in macroglobulinemic mice. Relationship to increased blood viscosity. , 1968, Archives of neurology.

[134]  S. Usami,et al.  Alteration in the rheologic properties of Plasmodium knowlesi--infected red cells. A possible mechanism for capillary obstruction. , 1971, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[135]  J. Ditzel,et al.  Changes in serum proteins, lipoproteins, and protein-bound carbohydrates in relation to pathologic alterations in the microcirculation of diabetic subjects. , 1959, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[136]  R. Schroter,et al.  Arterial Wall Shear and Distribution of Early Atheroma in Man , 1969, Nature.

[137]  S. Charache,et al.  RATE OF SICKLING OF RED CELLS DURING DEOXYGENATION OF BLOOD FROM PERSONS WITH VARIOUS SICKLING DISORDERS. , 1964, Blood.

[138]  S. Chien,et al.  Viscometric characteristics of blood of the elephant, man, dog, sheep, and goat. , 1969, The American journal of physiology.

[139]  S. Charache,et al.  Pathogenesis of hemolytic anemia in homozygous hemoglobin C disease. , 1967, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[140]  Giles R Cokelet,et al.  The rheology of human blood , 1963 .

[141]  A. M. Benis,et al.  Evaluation of viscous and inertial pressure losses in isolated tissue with a simple mathematical model. , 1972, Microvascular research.

[142]  P. Johnson.  Red cell separation in the mesenteric capillary network. , 1971, The American journal of physiology.

[143]  R. Wells,et al.  Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity , 1969, Circulation research.

[144]  P. Lacelle.  Effect of sphering on erythrocyte deformability. , 1972, Biorheology.

[145]  M. Guest,et al.  Red Blood Cells: Change in Shape in Capillaries , 1963, Science.

[146]  G. W. Blair,et al.  An Equation for the Flow of Blood, Plasma and Serum through Glass Capillaries , 1959, Nature.

[147]  G. Meneely,et al.  THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE VOLUME OF THE BLOOD. , 1940, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[148]  H. Goldsmith.  The Microrheology of Red Blood Cell Suspensions , 1968, The Journal of general physiology.

[149]  R. Wells,et al.  Fluid Drop-Like Transition of Erythrocytes under Shear , 1969, Science.

[150]  J. Sirs.  The measurement of the haematocrit and flexibility of erythrocytes with a centrifuge. , 1968, Biorheology.

[151]  R. Swank,et al.  Circadian Periodicity in Some Physicochemical Parameters of Circulating Blood , 1965, Nature.

[152]  L. Dintenfass.  RHEOLOGY OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS CONTAINING HEMOGLOBINS A-A, S-A, AND S-S. , 1964, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[153]  J. Oldroyd.  The effect of interfacial stabilizing films on the elastic and viscous properties of emulsions , 1955, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[154]  A. Copley,et al.  Hæmorheological studies on the plasmatic zone in the microcirculation of the cheek pouch of Chinese and Syrian hamsters1 , 1962 .

[155]  B. Ekblom,et al.  Cardiac output in athletes. , 1968, Journal of applied physiology.

[156]  Palmer Aa.  Axial drift of cells and partial plasma skimming in blood flowing through glass slits , 1965 .

[157]  D. Danon,et al.  Agglutination of Young and Old Human Red Cells by Blood Group Antibodies , 1971, Vox sanguinis.

[158]  A C BURTON,et al.  MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RED CELL MEMBRANE. I. MEMBRANE STIFFNESS AND INTRACELLULAR PRESSURE. , 1964, Biophysical journal.

[159]  S. Charm,et al.  Tube flow behavior and shear stress-shear rate characteristics of canine blood. , 1962, The American journal of physiology.

[160]  G. Uhlenbruck,et al.  The surface structure of erythrocytes from some animal sources. , 1963, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[161]  J. Döbler,et al.  THE PHYSICAL STATE OF HEMOGLOBIN IN SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA ERYTHROCYTES IN VIVO , 1968, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[162]  J. H. Dial,et al.  Influence of flow variations on capillary hematocrit in mesentery. , 1971, The American journal of physiology.

[163]  S. Rowlands,et al.  The morphology of red-cell aggregates , 1972 .

[164]  J. Murphy.  Hemoglobin CC disease: rheological properties or erythrocytes and abnormalities in cell water. , 1968, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[165]  J. Murphy,et al.  Physical properties of red cells as related to effects in vivo. II. Effect of thermal treatment on rigidity of red cells, stroma and the sickle cell. , 1968, Blood.

[166]  E. Merrill,et al.  Metabolic dependence of red cell deformability. , 1969, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[167]  G. Arturson,et al.  THE INTRAVASCULAR PERSISTENCE OF DEXTRAN OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR SIZES IN NORMAL HUMANS. , 1964, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[168]  S. Charm,et al.  Effect of high concentrations of leukocytes on whole blood viscosity. , 1971, Blood.

[169]  C. W. Gottschalk,et al.  Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis. , 1959, The American journal of physiology.

[170]  G. A. Mayer.  BLOOD VISCOSITY IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE. , 1964, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[171]  H. Brinkman.  The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions , 1952 .

[172]  P. Seeman,et al.  Membrane stabilization by drugs: tranquilizers, steroids, and anesthetics. , 1966, International review of neurobiology.

[173]  L. Dintenfass.  Internal Viscosity of the Red Cell and a Blood Viscosity Equation , 1968, Nature.

[174]  A. M. Benis,et al.  Effect of Hematocrit and Inertial Losses on Pressure‐Flow Relations in the Isolated Hindpaw of the Dog , 1970, Circulation research.

[175]  S. Sen,et al.  Erythrocytosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. , 1972, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[176]  E W Salzman,et al.  Pressure-flow relations of human blood in hollow fibers at low flow rates. , 1965, Journal of applied physiology.

[177]  E. Schoffeniels,et al.  ATP+ca++-linked contraction of red cell ghosts. , 1966, Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie.

[178]  T. Matsumoto,et al.  Pulmonary vascular changes in hypovolemic shock: radiography of the pulmonary microcirculation and the possible role of platelet embolism in increasing vascular resistance. , 1969, The Journal of trauma.

[179]  A. Groom,et al.  The difference in circulation times of plasma and corpuscles in the cat , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[180]  L. Wasserman,et al.  AGGREGATION OF IGG GLOBULIN IN VIVO. I. THE HYPERVISCOSITY SYNDROME IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA. , 1965, The American journal of medicine.

[181]  Y. Fung.  Stochastic flow in capillary blood vessels. , 1973, Microvascular research.

[182]  C. Ricketts.  Interaction of Dextran and Fibrinogen , 1952, Nature.

[183]  R. Hardaway,et al.  Microcirculation of dogs in hemorrhagic shock and after treatment. , 1968, Archives of Surgery.

[184]  R. Wells,et al.  The rheology of red blood cell aggregates. , 1970, Microvascular research.

[185]  V. Vand.  Viscosity of solutions and suspensions; experimental determination of the viscosity-concentration function of spherical suspensions. , 1948, The Journal of physical and colloid chemistry.

[186]  A. Chanutin,et al.  Effect of organic and inorganic phosphates on the oxygen equilibrium of human erythrocytes. , 1967, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[187]  L. Dintenfass.  MOLECULAR AND RHEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE RED CELL MEMBRANE IN VIEW OF THE INTERNAL FLUIDITY OF THE RED CELL. , 1964, Acta haematologica.

[188]  J. Kampmann,et al.  Whole-blood viscosity, hematocrit and plasma protein in normal subjects at different ages. , 1971, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[189]  V. Marchesi,et al.  Selective Solubilization of a Protein Component of the Red Cell Membrane , 1968, Science.

[190]  Lacelle Pl,et al.  The contribution of normal and pathologic erythrocytes to blood rheology. , 1971 .

[191]  Y. Fung,et al.  Modeling experiments of a single red blood cell moving in a capillary blood vessel. , 1969, Microvascular research.

[192]  R. Weed.  The importance of erythrocyte deformability. , 1970, The American journal of medicine.

[193]  H. Müller,et al.  Über den Plasmaproteinfilm an der Oberfläche menschlicher Erythrocyten , 1965 .

[194]  P. Canham.  The minimum energy of bending as a possible explanation of the biconcave shape of the human red blood cell. , 1970, Journal of theoretical biology.

[195]  H. Elrod,et al.  Direct Determination of the Flow Curves of Non‐Newtonian Fluids. II. Shearing Rate in the Concentric Cylinder Viscometer , 1953 .

[196]  S Chien,et al.  Effects of hematocrit and plasma proteins on human blood rheology at low shear rates. , 1966, Journal of applied physiology.

[197]  Leonida Georgescu,et al.  VIRUSES IN ENDEMIC (BALKAN) NEPHROPATHY , 1976, The Lancet.

[198]  R. Effros.  Impairment of Red Cell Transit through the Canine Lungs following Injections of Hypertonic Fluids , 1972, Circulation research.

[199]  S. Charm,et al.  RHEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF BLOOD SUSPENSIONS. , 1964, Journal of applied physiology.

[200]  H. Jacob.  The defective red blood cell in hereditary spherocytosis. , 1969, Annual Review of Medicine.

[201]  S. Singer,et al.  The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Structure of Cell Membranes , 1972, Science.

[202]  Shu Chien,et al.  Shear Dependence of Effective Cell Volume as a Determinant of Blood Viscosity , 1970, Science.

[203]  J. W. Goodwin,et al.  Interactions among erythrocytes under shear. , 1970, Journal of applied physiology.

[204]  G. Thurston,et al.  Viscoelasticity of human blood. , 1972, Biophysical journal.

[205]  L. Cerny,et al.  The erythrocyte in aging. , 1972, Experimental gerontology.

[206]  W. Zingg,et al.  Relationship between viscosity and hematocrit in blood of normal persons and burn patients. , 1970, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[207]  J. H. Jandl,et al.  Oxidative hemolysis and precipitation of hemoglobin. I. Heinz body anemias as an acceleration of red cell aging. , 1960, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[208]  M. N. Levy,et al.  The Influence of Erythrocyte Concentration upon the Pressure‐Flow Relationships in the Dog's Hind Limb , 1953, Circulation research.

[209]  R. Hochmuth,et al.  Measurement of Red Cell Modulus of Elasticity by in-Vitro and Model Cell Experiments , 1970 .

[210]  I. Strøyer,et al.  C1-ESTERASE INACTIVATORS AND C4 IN MALIGNANT DISEASES , 1975, The Lancet.

[211]  R M Hochmuth,et al.  Measurement of the elastic modulus for red cell membrane using a fluid mechanical technique. , 1973, Biophysical journal.

[212]  R. Benesch,et al.  Reciprocal binding of oxygen and diphosphoglycerate by human hemoglobin. , 1968, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[213]  S. Chien,et al.  Viscosity of turkey blood: rheology of nucleated erythrocytes. , 1970, Microvascular research.

[214]  S. Chien,et al.  Hemodynamic changes in endotoxin shock. , 1966, The American journal of physiology.

[215]  A. Katchalsky,et al.  Interactions of basic polyelectrolytes with the red blood cell. II. Agglutination of red blood cells by polymeric bases. , 1959, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[216]  O. Kiss,et al.  BLOOD VISCOSITY AND IN VITRO ANTICOAGULANTS. , 1965, The American journal of physiology.

[217]  W. H. Austin,et al.  pH and blood viscosity. , 1968, Journal of applied physiology.

[218]  A. Groom,et al.  Immature and abnormal erythrocytes present in the normal, healthy spleen. , 2009, Scandinavian journal of haematology.

[219]  S. H. Maron,et al.  Direct Determination of the Flow Curves of Non‐Newtonian Fluids , 1952 .

[220]  S Oka.  Some theoretical studies on hemorheology. , 1972, Advances in biophysics.

[221]  R. Simmons,et al.  Red cell filtration and the pathogenesis of certain hemolytic anemias. , 1961, Blood.

[222]  W. H. Austin,et al.  VISCOSITY OF NORMAL HUMAN BLOOD UNDER NORMOTHERMIC AND HYPOTHERMIC CONDITIONS. , 1964, Journal of applied physiology.

[223]  M Intaglietta,et al.  Elastic Environment of the Capillary Bed , 1966, Circulation research.

[224]  S. White,et al.  A comparison of blood viscosity measured in vitro and in a vascular bed. , 1970, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[225]  H Schmid-Schönbein,et al.  On the shear rate dependence of red cell aggregation in vitro. , 1968, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[226]  J. Fitz-Gerald.  Implications of a theory of erythrocyte motion in narrow capillaries. , 1969, Journal of applied physiology.

[227]  R. Rifkind,et al.  HEINZ BODY ANEMIA--AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY. I. HEINZ BODY FORMATION. , 1965, Blood.

[228]  J. Sirs.  Automatic recording of the rate of packing of erythrocytes in blood by a centrifuge. , 1970, Physics in medicine and biology.

[229]  R. Wells.  Syndromes of hyperviscosity. , 1970, The New England journal of medicine.

[230]  J. Dacie,et al.  Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia: The Possible Role of Vascular Lesions in Pathogenesis , 1962, British journal of haematology.

[231]  R. Anderson,et al.  Effect of normal cells on viscosity of sickle-cell blood. In vitro studies and report of six years' experience with a prophylactic program of "partial exchange transfusion". , 1963, Archives of internal medicine.

[232]  R M Hochmuth,et al.  Uniaxial loading of the red-cell membrane. , 1972, Journal of biomechanics.

[233]  A. Groom,et al.  Sequestration and possible maturation of reticulocytes in the normal spleen. , 1972, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[234]  S. Baar.  Serum and Plasma Proteins in Thermally Injured Patients Treated with Plasma, Its Admixture with Albumin or Serum Alone , 1965, Annals of surgery.

[235]  A. Guyton,et al.  Effects of polycythemia and anemia on cardiac output and other circulatory factors , 1959 .

[236]  H. Goldsmith,et al.  Deformation of human red cells in tube flow. , 1971, Biorheology.

[237]  J. Bertles,et al.  Hemoglobin Interaction: Modification of Solid Phase Composition in the Sickling Phenomenon , 1970, Science.

[238]  G. Thurston,et al.  Frequency and shear rate dependence of viscoelasticity of human blood. , 1973, Biorheology.

[239]  B. Bull,et al.  Red-blood-cell fragmentation in microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia: in-vitro studies. , 1967, Lancet.

[240]  S Chien,et al.  Shear-dependent interaction of plasma proteins with erythrocytes in blood rheology. , 1970, The American journal of physiology.

[241]  R. Wells,et al.  Microscopy and viscometry of blood flowing under uniform shear rate (rheoscopy). , 1969, Journal of applied physiology.

[242]  S. Charm,et al.  The influence of radial distribution and marginal plasma layer on the flow of red cell suspensions. , 1968, Biorheology.

[243]  A. M. Benis,et al.  Study of Erythrocyte Aggregation by Blood Viscometry at Low Shear Rates Using a Balance Method , 1968, Circulation research.

[244]  S. Chien,et al.  Shear deformation of red cell ghosts. , 1973, Biorheology.

[245]  W. Isaacs,et al.  Anaesthesia in patients with abnormal haemoglobin syndromes: a preliminary report. , 1971, British journal of anaesthesia.

[246]  Semple Re.  Changes in protein fractions of dog plasma after bleeding and dextran infusion. , 1955 .

[247]  M. Relihan,et al.  Effect of surgical operation on human blood viscosity. , 1973, Surgery.

[248]  S. Chien,et al.  Relation of Molecular Size of Dextran to its Effects on the Rheological Properties of Blood.∗ , 1963, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[249]  G. Cokelet,et al.  Prediction of blood flow in tubes with diameters as small as 29 microns. , 1971, Microvascular research.

[250]  A. Rubenstein,et al.  The possible role of hemoconcentration in the etiology of myocardial infarction. , 1967, American heart journal.

[251]  H. Kunkel,et al.  Aggregation of γG3 proteins: relevance to the hyperviscosity syndrome , 1970 .

[252]  C. R. Taylor,et al.  Red Blood Cells: Why or Why Not? , 1968, Science.

[253]  S. Chien,et al.  N-acetylneuraminic acid deficiency in erythrocyte membranes: biophysical and biochemical correlates. , 1974, Blood.

[254]  A. Katchalsky,et al.  Interaction of basic polyamino acids with the red blood cell. I. Combination of polylysine with single cells. , 1955, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[255]  S Chien,et al.  Ultrastructural basis of the mechanism of rouleaux formation. , 1973, Microvascular research.

[256]  A. C. Burton,et al.  Distribution of Size and Shape in Populations of Normal Human Red Cells , 1968, Circulation research.

[257]  R. W. Eckstein,et al.  BLOOD VISCOSITY UNDER DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD FLOW , 1942 .

[258]  E. Clarkson,et al.  Sodium transfer in the erythrocytes of sickle‐cell anaemia , 1955, The Journal of physiology.

[259]  E. L. Smith,et al.  Critical role of arterial pressure during hemorrhage in the dog on release of fluid into the circulation and trapping of red cells. , 1958, The American journal of physiology.

[260]  D. Bassett,et al.  WHOLE BLOOD VISCOSITY, HEMATOCRIT, AND SERUM LIPID LEVELS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE. , 1965, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[261]  R. O. Burns,et al.  Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma. , 1967, Lancet.

[262]  S. Baez.  Supporting tissue tension and microvascular reactions. , 1971, Microvascular research.

[263]  M. J. Lighthill,et al.  Pressure-forcing of tightly fitting pellets along fluid-filled elastic tubes , 1968, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[264]  Geoffrey Ingram Taylor,et al.  The Viscosity of a Fluid Containing Small Drops of Another Fluid , 1932 .

[265]  J. Harkness,et al.  The viscosity of human blood plasma; its measurement in health and disease. , 1971, Biorheology.

[266]  J. Murphy,et al.  Physical properties of red cells as related to effects in vivo. I. Increased rigidity of erythrocytes as measured by viscosity of cells altered by chemical fixation, sickling and hypertonicity. , 1968, Blood.

[267]  F Skovborg,et al.  Blood viscosity and vascular flow rate. Blood-viscosity measured in a cone-plate viscometer and the flow rate in an isolated vascular bed. , 1968, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[268]  E. Burnard,et al.  Rheology of human foetal blood with reference to haematocrit, plasma viscosity, osmolality and pH. , 1970, Biorheology.

[269]  M. Lichtman,et al.  Rheology of leukocytes, leukocyte suspensions, and blood in leukemia. Possible relationship to clinical manifestations. , 1973, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[270]  S. Chien,et al.  Hemolysis during filtration through micropores: a scanning electron microscopic and hemorheologic correlation. , 1971, Microvascular research.

[271]  R. Skalak,et al.  Erythrocyte Adherence and Diapedesis , 1970, Angiology.