Dynamic power management using on demand paging for networked embedded systems

The power consumption of the network interface plays a major role in determining the total operating lifetime of wireless networked embedded systems. In case of on-demand paging, a low power secondary radio is used to wake up the higher power radio, allowing the latter to sleep for longer periods of time. In this paper we present use of Bluetooth radios to serve as a paging channel for the 802.11b wireless LAN. We have implemented an on-demand paging scheme on an infrastructure based WLAN consisting of iPAQ PDAs equipped with Bluetooth radios and Cisco Aironet wireless networking cards. Our results show power saving ranging from 23% to 48% over the present 802.11b standard operating modes with negligible impact on performance.

[1]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Measuring and Reducing Energy Consumption of Network Interfaces in Hand-Held Devices (Special Issue on Mobile Computing) , 1997 .

[2]  Luca Benini,et al.  Transport protocol optimization for energy efficient wireless embedded systems , 2003, 2003 Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition.

[3]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  Power-saving protocols for IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoc networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[4]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  MultiNet: connecting to multiple IEEE 802.11 networks using a single wireless card , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[5]  Krishna M. Sivalingam,et al.  A Survey of Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless Networks , 2001, Wirel. Networks.

[6]  Rudi van Drunen,et al.  Wireless Networks , 2007, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[7]  Ramesh R. Rao,et al.  Combining paging with dynamic power management , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[8]  Christodoulos Chamzas,et al.  An outband paging protocol for energy-efficient mobile communications , 2002, IEEE Trans. Broadcast..

[9]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Optimizing Sensor Networks in the Energy-Latency-Density Design Space , 2002, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..

[10]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless LANs , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[11]  Virtual Bridged,et al.  IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Specification for 802.3 Full Duplex Operation , 1997, IEEE Std 802.3x-1997 and IEEE Std 802.3y-1997 (Supplement to ISO/IEC 8802-3: 1996/ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3, 1996 Edition).

[12]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  Power-saving protocols for IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoc networks , 2003, Comput. Networks.

[13]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  Wake on wireless: an event driven energy saving strategy for battery operated devices , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[14]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Low power distributed MAC for ad hoc sensor radio networks , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).