Effect of Cyclic Shear Fatigue under Magnetic Field on Natural Rubber Composite as Anisotropic Magnetorheological Elastomers

With the development and wide applicability of rubber materials, it is imperative to determine their performance under various conditions. In this study, the effect of cyclic shear fatigue on natural-rubber-based anisotropic magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) was investigated under a magnetic field. An anisotropic MRE sample was prepared by moulding under a magnetic field. Cyclic shear fatigue tests were performed using a modified electromechanical fatigue system with an electromagnet. The storage modulus (G′) and loss factor in the absence or presence of a magnetic field were measured using a modified dynamic mechanical analysis system. Under a magnetic field, fatigue exhibited considerable effects to the MRE, such as migration and loss of magnetised CIPs and suppressed increase in stiffness by reducing the energy loss in the strain cycle. Therefore, the G′ of the MRE after fatigue under a magnetic field was lower than that after fatigue in the zero field. The performance of the MRE, such as absolute and relative magnetorheological effects, decreased after subjecting to cyclic shear fatigue. In addition, all measured results exhibited strain-dependent behaviour owing to the Payne effect.

[1]  S. Ryu,et al.  Effect of alignment of magnetic particles on the rheological properties of natural rubber composite , 2021, Journal of Polymer Research.

[2]  M. Nasef,et al.  Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation , 2021, Scientific Reports.

[3]  M. Shojaeefard,et al.  Fatigue life prediction of magneto-rheological elastomers in magnetic field , 2021 .

[4]  Ubaidillah,et al.  Physicochemical characterization and rheological properties of magnetic elastomers containing different shapes of corroded carbonyl iron particles , 2021, Scientific reports.

[5]  Thaer M. I. Syam,et al.  3D numerical modelling and analysis of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) , 2020 .

[6]  Xiaoling Hu,et al.  Fatigue Life Assessment of Filled Rubber by Hysteresis Induced Self-Heating Temperature , 2020, Polymers.

[7]  Engin Burgaz,et al.  Effects of magnetic particles and carbon black on structure and properties of magnetorheological elastomers , 2020 .

[8]  A. P. Vassilopoulos,et al.  Modeling of fatigue behavior based on interaction between time- and cyclic-dependent mechanical properties , 2019, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing.

[9]  M. Mrlík,et al.  Reprocessing of injection-molded magnetorheological elastomers based on TPE matrix , 2019, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[10]  S. Rakheja,et al.  On the properties of magnetorheological elastomers in shear mode: Design, fabrication and characterization , 2019, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[11]  A. Katunin.  Criticality of the Self-Heating Effect in Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites during Fatigue, and Their Application in Non-Destructive Testing , 2018, Polymers.

[12]  Kwang-Hee Lee,et al.  A study of the magnetic fatigue properties of a magnetorheological elastomer , 2018, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures.

[13]  Mei-Ying Liao,et al.  Fatigue crack propagation characteristics of rubbery materials under variable amplitude loading , 2018, Results in Physics.

[14]  Yuxi Jia,et al.  Numerical analysis of the dependence of rubber hysteresis loss and heat generation on temperature and frequency , 2018, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials.

[15]  Yan Deng,et al.  Modeling of the heat build-up of carbon black filled rubber , 2018, Polymer Testing.

[16]  A. P. Vassilopoulos,et al.  Interrupted tension-tension fatigue behavior of angle-ply GFRP composite laminates , 2018 .

[17]  Andri Andriyana,et al.  Recent advances on fatigue of rubber after the literature survey by Mars and Fatemi in 2002 and 2004 , 2018 .

[18]  L. Bodelot,et al.  Experimental investigation of the coupled magneto-mechanical response in magnetorheological elastomers , 2017, Experimental Mechanics.

[19]  M. Ranjbar,et al.  Polymer coated magnetite-based magnetorheological fluid and its potential clean procedure applications to oil production , 2018 .

[20]  K. Chung,et al.  A Study on the Fatigue Property of Magneto-Rheological Elastomers , 2018 .

[21]  K. Chung,et al.  Effect of Precured EPDM on the Property of Magneto-rheological Elastomer Based on NR/EPDM Blend , 2018 .

[22]  S. Odenbach,et al.  In-situ observation of the particle microstructure of magnetorheological elastomers in presence of mechanical strain and magnetic fields , 2017 .

[23]  S. Wen,et al.  Equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers in magnetic fields , 2017 .

[24]  Jie Fu,et al.  Understanding the reinforcing behaviors of polyaniline-modified carbonyl iron particles in magnetorheological elastomer based on polyurethane/epoxy resin IPNs matrix , 2017 .

[25]  Oscar Martínez-Romero,et al.  Enhancement of a magnetorheological PDMS elastomer with carbonyl iron particles , 2017 .

[26]  Seung-bok Choi,et al.  Formation of core–shell structured complex microparticles during fabrication of magnetorheological elastomers and their magnetorheological behavior , 2016 .

[27]  S. Jerrams,et al.  The evaluation and implementation of magnetic fields for large strain uniaxial and biaxial cyclic testing of Magnetorheological Elastomers , 2016 .

[28]  Ubaidillah,et al.  Recent Progress on Magnetorheological Solids: Materials, Fabrication, Testing, and Applications , 2015 .

[29]  Wen-Bin Shangguan,et al.  Experiment and modeling of uniaxial tension fatigue performances for filled natural rubbers , 2014 .

[30]  X. Gong,et al.  Improving the Dynamic Properties of MRE under Cyclic Loading by Incorporating Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles , 2014 .

[31]  X. Zheng,et al.  Influence of x-ray radiation on the properties of magnetorheological elastomers , 2013 .

[32]  Pierre Charrier,et al.  HEAT BUILD-UP OF RUBBER UNDER CYCLIC LOADINGS: VALIDATION OF AN EFFICIENT DEMARCH TO PREDICT THE TEMPERATURE FIELDS , 2013 .

[33]  X. Gong,et al.  Effect of Cross-Link Density of the Matrix on the Damping Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers , 2013 .

[34]  Huaxia Deng,et al.  Investigation on the mechanism of damping behavior of magnetorheological elastomers , 2012 .

[35]  Jinping Ou,et al.  The pressure-dependent MR effect of magnetorheological elastomers , 2012 .

[36]  G. Cailletaud,et al.  Cyclic loadings and crystallization of natural rubber: An explanation of fatigue crack propagation reinforcement under a positive loading ratio , 2011 .

[37]  Pierre Charrier,et al.  Fast evaluation of the fatigue lifetime of rubber-like materials based on a heat build-up protocol and micro-tomography measurements , 2010 .

[38]  Jacques Besson,et al.  Mullins effect and cyclic stress softening of filled elastomers by internal sliding and friction thermodynamics model , 2009 .

[39]  X. Gong,et al.  Enhancement in Magnetorheological Effect of Magnetorheological Elastomers by Surface Modification of Iron Particles , 2008 .

[40]  Mary C. Boyce,et al.  Constitutive model for stretch-induced softening of the stress?stretch behavior of elastomeric materials , 2004 .

[41]  P. Ienny,et al.  A new ‘Tailor-made’ methodology for the mechanical behaviour analysis of rubber-like materials: II. Application to the hyperelastic behaviour characterization of a carbon-black filled natural rubber vulcanizate , 2003 .

[42]  O. H. Yeoh,et al.  Analysis of deformation and fracture of ‘pure shear’ rubber testpiece , 2001 .

[43]  A. R. Payne,et al.  Hysteresis and strength of rubbers , 1968 .

[44]  A. R. Payne,et al.  Stress softening in natural rubber vulcanizates. Part V. The anomalous tensile behavior of natural rubber , 1967 .

[45]  A. R. Payne,et al.  Stress softening in natural rubber vulcanizates. Part III. Carbon black‐filled vulcanizates , 1966 .

[46]  L. Mullins,et al.  Stress softening in rubber vulcanizates. Part I. Use of a strain amplification factor to describe the elastic behavior of filler‐reinforced vulcanized rubber , 1965 .

[47]  Alan N. Gent,et al.  Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue , 1965 .

[48]  L. Mullins,et al.  Theoretical Model for the Elastic Behavior of Filler-Reinforced Vulcanized Rubbers , 1957 .