Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technology of Steroidal Saponins from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl and Evaluating Its Quality Planted in Different Areas

Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs with satisfactory therapeutic effects on invigorating Qi, nourishing Yin and moistening lungs, in which steroidal saponins are one class of important active substances. The main purpose is to determine the optimal extraction technology of steroidal saponins and evaluate the quality of P. kingianum planted in five different areas. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technology was established by using single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM), and the determination method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for dioscin and diosgenin, two primary types of acid-hydrolyzed steroidal saponins, was constructed with good linear range and precision. The results showed that UAE was an efficient extraction method for steroidal saponins, and the extraction yield was significantly affected by the liquid-solid ratio. The optimal extraction technology was generated following a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an ethanol concentration of 85% (v/v), an extraction time of 75 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C and three extractions, of which these parameters were in line with the predicted values calculated by RSM. Considering only dioscin and diosgenin, the quality of P. kingianum planted at five sample plots presented non-significant difference. However, the content of diosgenin in Pingbian Prefecture (PB) was higher than that of the other four areas with a value of 0.46 mg/g. Taken together, the optimal UAE technology for P. kingianum steroidal saponins was determined via RSM. The quality evaluation revealed that there was a non-significant difference among P. kingianum planted in different areas based on the contents of the sum of dioscin and diosgenin. This work has important reference value for the exploitation and utilization of P. kingianum.

[1]  Duangjai Tungmunnithum,et al.  Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption , 2020, Antioxidants.

[2]  Pratima Gupta,et al.  Artificial neural network and response surface methodology: a comparative analysis for optimizing rice straw pretreatment and saccharification , 2020, Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.

[3]  L. Zeng,et al.  Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Kinsenoside Compound from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) , 2020, Molecules.

[4]  Jun Cao,et al.  Vesicle based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of saponins in Panax notoginseng. , 2020, Food chemistry.

[5]  Li Li,et al.  Optimization model for ultrasonic-assisted and scale-up extraction of anthocyanins from Pyrus communis 'Starkrimson' fruit peel. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[6]  Haiyan Yang,et al.  Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and in-vitro antioxidant activity of New Zealand and China Asparagus cultivars (officinalis L.) roots extracts. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[7]  Haiyang Liu,et al.  Transcriptome analyses of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, Ypsilandra thibetica, and Polygonatum kingianum characterize their steroidal saponin biosynthesis pathway. , 2019, Fitoterapia.

[8]  C. Scarlett,et al.  Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Patricia White cultivar) stem for maximizing saponin yield and antioxidant capacity , 2018 .

[9]  Wenyuan Gao,et al.  The genus Polygonatum: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. , 2018, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[10]  Jing-jing Liu,et al.  [Herbal textual research on Chinese medicine "Huangjing" (Polygonati Rhizoma)and some enlightenments]. , 2018, Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica.

[11]  A. Naila,et al.  Sequential extraction of saponins from Eurycoma longifolia roots by water extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction , 2018 .

[12]  Narpinder Singh,et al.  Saponins in pulses and their health promoting activities: A review. , 2017, Food chemistry.

[13]  Jie Yu,et al.  Intake of total saponins and polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum affects the gut microbiota in diabetic rats. , 2017, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[14]  C. Scarlett,et al.  Influence of solvents and novel extraction methods on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Phyllanthus amarus , 2016, Chemical Papers.

[15]  Hui Wu,et al.  Microwave-assisted extraction and a new determination method for total steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright , 2015, Steroids.

[16]  Huan Yang,et al.  In situ pressurized biphase acid hydrolysis, a promising approach to produce bioactive diosgenin from the tubers of Dioscorea Zingiberensis , 2015, Pharmacognosy magazine.

[17]  Chaoyang Ma,et al.  Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic/Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Steroidal Saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright , 2014 .

[18]  L. S. Chua.  A review on plant-based rutin extraction methods and its pharmacological activities. , 2013, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[19]  A. Faizal,et al.  Saponins and their role in biological processes in plants , 2013, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[20]  Suen-Zone Lee,et al.  Comparison of modified ultrasound-assisted and traditional extraction methods for the extraction of baicalin and baicalein from Radix Scutellariae , 2013 .

[21]  F. Chemat,et al.  Instant controlled pressure drop technology and ultrasound assisted extraction for sequential extraction of essential oil and antioxidants. , 2013, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[22]  N. Xu,et al.  Aqueous ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of four acetophenones from the Chinese medicinal plant Cynanchum bungei Decne. , 2013, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[23]  X. Qiao,et al.  Analytical strategy to reveal the in vivo process of multi-component herbal medicine: a pharmacokinetic study of licorice using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. , 2012, Journal of chromatography. A.

[24]  Jian-Guo Jiang,et al.  Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total saponins from Eclipta prostrasta L. using response surface methodology. , 2012, Journal of food science.

[25]  Guangyan Pan,et al.  Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoids compounds (FC) from hawthorn seed (HS). , 2012, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[26]  Hongyan Li,et al.  microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics with maximal antioxidant activities in tomatoes , 2012 .

[27]  Wei Chen,et al.  Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from Boletus edulis mycelia using response surface methodology. , 2012, Carbohydrate polymers.

[28]  Hengtong Fang,et al.  Optimization of extraction of flavonoids from Pteridum aquilinum var. latiusculum , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering.

[29]  Agnieszka Galanty,et al.  Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review , 2010, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[30]  Juane Dong,et al.  Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza root. , 2010, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[31]  N. I. Belaya,et al.  Optimization of conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from solid parts of medicinal plants , 2008 .

[32]  Deng-Jye Yang,et al.  Determination of steroidal saponins in different organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto). , 2008, Food chemistry.

[33]  Michael Komaitis,et al.  Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds , 2008, LWT - Food Science and Technology.

[34]  Raymond Mawson,et al.  APPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY-A REVIEW , 2008 .

[35]  J. Vincken,et al.  Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. , 2007, Phytochemistry.

[36]  J. van Staden,et al.  Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. , 2004, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[37]  A. Osbourn,et al.  Dissecting plant secondary metabolism - constitutive chemical defences in cereals. , 2003, The New phytologist.

[38]  Ž. Knez,et al.  Solvent extraction study of antioxidants from Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaves , 2003 .

[39]  L. He,et al.  [Studies on the method of determination of combined sugars in glycosides]. , 1987, Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica.

[40]  J. Mann.  Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe/Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products , 2011 .