EEG spectral changes underlying BOLD responses contralateral to spikes in patients with focal epilepsy

Purpose:  Simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) in patients with focal epilepsy and unilateral spikes often shows positive blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) responses (activations), not only ipsilateral but also contralateral to the spikes. We aimed to investigate whether minimal EEG changes could underlie these contralateral BOLD responses by using EEG spectral analysis.

[1]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Hemodynamic correlates of epileptiform discharges: An EEG-fMRI study of 63 patients with focal epilepsy , 2006, Brain Research.

[2]  W. Hauser,et al.  Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984 , 1993, Epilepsia.

[3]  J. Gotman,et al.  Combining EEG and fMRI: A multimodal tool for epilepsy research , 2006, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[4]  Jean Gotman,et al.  EEG‐fMRI of focal epileptic spikes: Analysis with multiple haemodynamic functions and comparison with gadolinium‐enhanced MR angiograms , 2004, Human brain mapping.

[5]  F. Leijten,et al.  EEG-fMRI in the preoperative work-up for epilepsy surgery. , 2007, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[6]  Bertrand Devaux,et al.  Metabolic changes and electro-clinical patterns in mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy: a correlative study. , 2004, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[7]  J. Gotman,et al.  Temporal and Extratemporal BOLD Responses to Temporal Lobe Interictal Spikes , 2006, Epilepsia.

[8]  D J Brooks,et al.  Abnormalities of grey and white matter [11C]flumazenil binding in temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI. , 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[9]  N. Cashdollar,et al.  Identification of Abnormal Neuronal Metabolism Outside the Seizure Focus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy , 2004, Epilepsia.

[10]  J. Gotman.  Epileptic networks studied with EEG‐fMRI , 2008, Epilepsia.

[11]  D. Arnold,et al.  Spatial Extent of Neuronal Metabolic Dysfunction Measured by Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging in Patients with Localization‐Related Epilepsy , 2000, Epilepsia.