Goal Programming-Based Approach to Identify Sustainable Product Service System Designs

Product service systems (PSS), when designed appropriately, are one approach to increase sustainable production and consumption. For this, PSS design must consider: triple-bottom line; total life-cycle stages from pre-manufacturing, manufacturing and use to post-use; and 6Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign and remanufacture) for closed-loop material flow. A preliminary model for sustainable PSS was developed in an earlier work for profit maximization. Here, Goal Programming (GP) is applied where profit, energy consumption and customer satisfaction are considered as goals for optimization. The results from the GP model are compared with that from profit maximization to evaluate effectiveness of alternate models.

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