Contributions à l'étude des réseaux sociaux : propagation, fouille, collecte de données

Le concept de reseau offre un modele de representation pour une grande variete d'objets et de systemes, aussi bien naturels que sociaux, dans lesquels un ensemble d'entites homogenes ou heterogenes interagissent entre elles. Il est aujourd'hui employe couramment pour designer divers types de structures relationnelles. Pourtant, si chacun a une idee plus ou moins precise de ce qu'est un reseau, nous ignorons encore souvent les implications qu'ont ces structures dans de nombreux phenomenes du monde qui nous entoure. C'est par exemple le cas de processus tels que la diffusion d'une rumeur, la transmission d'une maladie, ou meme l'emergence de sujets d'interet commun a un groupe d'individus, dans lesquels les relations que maintiennent les individus entre eux et leur nature s'averent souvent etre les principaux facteurs determinants l'evolution du phenomene. C'est ainsi que l'etude des reseaux est devenue l'un des domaines emergents du 21e siecle appele la "Science des reseaux". Dans ce memoire, nous abordons trois problemes de la science des reseaux: le probleme de la diffusion dans les reseaux sociaux, ou nous nous sommes interesses plus particulierement a l'impact de la dynamique du reseau sur le processus de diffusion, le probleme de l'analyse des reseaux sociaux, dans lequel nous avons propose une solution pour tirer parti de l'ensemble des informations disponibles en combinant les informations sur la structure du reseau et les attributs des noeuds et le probleme central de la collecte de donnees sociales, ou nous nous sommes interesses au cas particulier de la collecte de donnees en milieux sauvages.

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