From FMS to HMS

For most of the 20th century, a central theme of industrial and academic research in manufacturing has been the development of flexible systems. In this chapter we discuss the notion of manufacturing flexibility and, in particular, the efforts toward achieving flexibility through advanced automation. After years of research into these flexible manufacturing systems it has become evident that the existing technologies alone are not the solution; effective system integration and coordination are also necessary. The second part of this chapter looks at recent efforts to achieve system integration and coordination through emerging technologies such as multi-agent systems and holonic manufacturing systems.

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