Digitalization of Human Operations in the Age of Cyber Manufacturing: Sensorimotor Analysis of Manual Grinding Performance

Copyright © 2017 by ASME. This paper presents new techniques to analyze and understand the sensorimotor characteristics of manual operations such as grinding, and links their influence on process performance. A grinding task, though simple, requires the practitioner to combine elements from the large repertoire of his or her skillset. Based on the joint gaze, force, and velocity data collected from a series of manual grinding experiments, we have compared operators with different levels of experience and quantitatively described characteristics of human manual skill and their effects on manufacturing process parameters such as cutting energy, surface finish, and material removal rate (MRR). For instance, we find that an experienced subject performs the task in a precise manner by moving the tool in complex paths, with lower applied forces and velocities, and short fixations compared to a novice. A detailed understanding of gaze-motor behavior broadens our knowledge of how a manual task is executed. Our results help to provide this extra insight, and impact future efforts in workforce training as well as the digitalization of manual expertise, thereby facilitating the transformation of raw data into product-specific knowledge.

[1]  Sheriff Jolaoso,et al.  Scanpath comparison revisited , 2010, ETRA.

[2]  L. Stark,et al.  Scanpaths in saccadic eye movements while viewing and recognizing patterns. , 1971, Vision research.

[3]  Jay Lee,et al.  A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems , 2015 .

[4]  Lihui Wang,et al.  Current status and advancement of cyber-physical systems in manufacturing , 2015 .

[5]  Barbara Linke,et al.  Recognizing Gaze-Motor Behavioral Patterns in Manual Grinding Tasks , 2016 .

[6]  Hidenori Kimura,et al.  Human-robot collaboration in precise positioning of a three-dimensional object , 2009, Autom..

[7]  Joseph H. Goldberg,et al.  Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols , 2000, ETRA.

[8]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  Recognizing Behavior in Hand-Eye Coordination Patterns , 2009, Int. J. Humanoid Robotics.

[9]  S. Mezghani,et al.  Abrasiveness properties assessment of coated abrasives for precision belt grinding , 2008 .

[10]  William D. Smart,et al.  A POMDP Model of Eye-Hand Coordination , 2011, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[11]  Jan Theeuwes,et al.  ScanMatch: A novel method for comparing fixation sequences , 2010, Behavior research methods.

[12]  M. Land.  Vision, eye movements, and natural behavior , 2009, Visual Neuroscience.

[13]  Barbara Linke,et al.  Evaluation and systematic selection of significant multi-scale surface roughness parameters (SRPs) as process monitoring index , 2017 .

[14]  M. Posner.  The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention , 2020 .

[15]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  Modeling embodied visual behaviors , 2007, TAP.

[16]  Alan Kennedy,et al.  Book Review: Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures , 2016, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[17]  Laura Chamberlain.  Eye Tracking Methodology; Theory and Practice , 2007 .

[18]  Zhaodan Kong,et al.  Systems view on spatial planning and perception based on invariants in agent-environment dynamics , 2015, Front. Neurosci..

[19]  H. Zahouani,et al.  The effect of abrasive grain's wear and contact conditions on surface texture in belt finishing , 2007 .

[20]  Ali Borji,et al.  State-of-the-Art in Visual Attention Modeling , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[21]  Marcus Nyström,et al.  An adaptive algorithm for fixation, saccade, and glissade detection in eyetracking data , 2010, Behavior research methods.

[22]  Carmen Constantinescu,et al.  Development and evaluation of a knowledge-based decision-making approach for designing changeable manufacturing systems , 2017 .

[23]  Zhaodan Kong,et al.  Modeling Human Guidance Behavior Based on Patterns in Agent–Environment Interactions , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems.

[24]  Barbara Linke,et al.  Sustainability Analysis of Grinding with Power Tools , 2014 .

[25]  Barbara Linke,et al.  Effect of Manual Grinding Operations on Surface Integrity , 2016 .