Poultry Waste Management: Agricultural and Environmental Issues

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the development of management programs that meet the increasing demand for poultry products, while minimizing the environmental effects of poultry wastes on soils, crops, surface waters, and groundwaters. A description of the types and compositions of poultry wastes, and a review of recent research addressing the agricultural and environmental aspects of poultry waste management are discussed in the chapter. Effective environmental management of any poultry waste begins with an understanding of its composition and the physical, chemical, and microbiological reactions that control the fate of potential pollutants in the waste following land application. The three most common poultry wastes are poultry manure or poultry litter, dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge originating from poultry processing plants, and composts produced from hatchery wastes and dead birds. The major poultry production operations include broiler chickens, turkeys, and eggs. Two types of confinement housing are commonly used for poultry operations: caged pit systems and floor/litter systems. Land application of animal waste is an important management practice to recycle nutrients, to improve or maintain soil fertility, and to improve soil biological and physical properties. The components of an effective waste management program for the agricultural use of organic wastes include site selection; production and collection; storage, handling, and treatment; transfer and application; and utilization.

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