Frequency-Dynamic Range-Power

In analog circuits, a fundamental trade-off exists between power consumption, signal-to-noise ratio and available bandwidth, as expressed by equation (10.1). The absolute minimum value2 of factor K that quantifies this trade-off is 8. However, independently of any process limitation, this minimum may be larger, depending on the function that is considered and on the approach used for its implementation: signal swing smaller than the supply voltage, several poles and/or high-Q poles in active filters, current or voltage amplification. A severe increase of K may be caused by the need to achieve linearity in spite of the nonlinear transfer characteristics of active devices. In practice, K is further increased by process-dependent limitations including parasitic capacitors, additional noise sources with respect to fundamental thermal or shot noise, mismatch of components and charge injection by switches. Lowering the supply voltage below a few volts usually causes an increase of K, but it may help to reduce it in cases where the signal swing is limited.

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