Photonic micro-electromechanical systems vibrating at X-band (11-GHz) rates.

We report on an opto-mechanical resonator with vibration excited by compressive radiation pressure via stimulated Brillouin scattering [SBS]. We experimentally excite a mechanical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) from an optical WGM and detect vibration via the red Doppler shifted (Stokes) light it scatters. We numerically solve the stress-strain equation to calculate the circumferentially circulating mechanical WGM and reveal mechanical WGMs with a variety of transverse shapes. Frequency in our device is limited by the shortest optical wavelength it can transmit, irrespective of device size.

[1]  C. Townes,et al.  Stimulated Brillouin Scattering and Coherent Generation of Intense Hypersonic Waves , 1964 .

[2]  K. Vahala,et al.  Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity , 2002, Nature.

[3]  Radiation pressure induced Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox , 2000, quant-ph/0005066.

[4]  S. Gigan,et al.  Self-cooling of a micromirror by radiation pressure , 2006, Nature.

[5]  T. Carmon,et al.  Visible continuous emission from a silica microphotonic device by third harmonic generation , 2005, 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[6]  C. Fabre,et al.  Squeezing with χ(3) materials , 1992 .

[7]  T. Briant,et al.  Radiation-pressure cooling and optomechanical instability of a micromirror , 2006, Nature.

[8]  T. J. Kippenberg,et al.  Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip , 2003, Nature.

[9]  Tal Carmon,et al.  Modal spectroscopy of optoexcited vibrations of a micron-scale on-chip resonator at greater than 1 GHz frequency. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[10]  Antoine Heidmann,et al.  Entangling movable mirrors in a double-cavity system , 2005 .

[11]  SCHEME TO PROBE THE DECOHERENCE OF A MACROSCOPIC OBJECT , 1997, quant-ph/9712017.

[12]  R. L. Badzey,et al.  Gaidarzhyet al.Reply , 2005 .

[13]  R. Rosenfeld Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[14]  K. Vahala,et al.  Dynamical thermal behavior and thermal self-stability of microcavities , 2004, (CLEO). Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2005..

[15]  K. Vahala,et al.  Highly efficient hybrid fiber taper coupled microsphere laser , 2001 .

[16]  Tal Carmon,et al.  Temporal behavior of radiation-pressure-induced vibrations of an optical microcavity phonon mode. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[17]  M. Rooks,et al.  Frequency Dependence of Shot Noise in a Diffusive Mesoscopic Conductor , 1997 .

[18]  Lord Rayleigh,et al.  CXII. The problem of the whispering gallery , 1910 .

[19]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[20]  Aires Ferreira,et al.  Macroscopic thermal entanglement due to radiation pressure. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[21]  K. Vahala,et al.  Static envelope patterns in composite resonances generated by level crossing in optical toroidal microcavities. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[22]  S. Girvin,et al.  Strong dispersive coupling of a high-finesse cavity to a micromechanical membrane , 2007, Nature.

[23]  Khaled Karrai,et al.  Cavity cooling of a microlever , 2004, Nature.

[24]  Lute Maleki,et al.  Nonlinear optics and crystalline whispering gallery mode cavities. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[25]  A. Heidmann,et al.  Quantum nondemolition measurement by optomechanical coupling , 1997 .

[26]  A. Bloom Quantum Electronics , 1972, Nature.

[27]  J. Knight,et al.  Phase-matched excitation of whispering-gallery-mode resonances by a fiber taper. , 1997, Optics letters.

[28]  Edith Innerhofer,et al.  An all-optical trap for a gram-scale mirror. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[29]  Christoph Simon,et al.  Towards quantum superpositions of a mirror , 2004 .

[30]  M. Oxborrow Traceable 2-D Finite-Element Simulation of the Whispering-Gallery Modes of Axisymmetric Electromagnetic Resonators , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[31]  Lute Maleki,et al.  Brillouin lasing with a CaF2 whispering gallery mode resonator. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[32]  Aires Ferreira,et al.  Optomechanical entanglement between a movable mirror and a cavity field , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference.

[33]  A. Matsko,et al.  Direct observation of stopped light in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator , 2007 .

[34]  Pritiraj Mohanty,et al.  Evidence for quantized displacement in macroscopic nanomechanical oscillators. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[35]  C. Nguyen MEMS technology for timing and frequency control , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[36]  G. J. Milburn,et al.  Comment on "Evidence for quantized displacement in macroscopic nanomechanical oscillators". , 2005, Physical review letters.

[37]  D. Schneider To whom correspondence should be addressed , 2008 .

[38]  Seth Lloyd,et al.  Macroscopic entanglement by entanglement swapping. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[39]  H. Mabuchi,et al.  High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared. , 1998, Optics letters.

[40]  Michael L. Roukes,et al.  Putting mechanics into quantum mechanics , 2005 .

[41]  Dirk Bouwmeester,et al.  Sub-kelvin optical cooling of a micromechanical resonator , 2006, Nature.