DNA orientation using specific avidin-ferritin biotin end labelling.

The orientation of DNA molecules has been determined by labelling one of the molecule end with a Biotin-labelled analog of dTTP (Bio-dUTP) and then by complexing the Bio-dUTP with Avidin-Ferritin. DNAs of phi X174, pBR322 and SV40 were end labelled with Bio-dUTP and imaged by Electron Microscopy (EM). This is a rapid, general method to unambiguously determine the orientation of DNA molecules for precise mapping and quantification of DNA secondary structures or protein-DNA interaction sites using EM.

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