Novel transient-energy-based directional pilot protection method for HVDC line

This paper proposes a novel directional pilot protection method based on the transient energy for bipolar HVDC line. Supposing the positive direction of current is from DC bus to the DC line, in the case of an internal line fault, the transient energies detected on both sides of the line are all negative within a short time, which denotes the positive direction fault; while for an external fault, the transient energy on one end is positive, which means a negative direction fault, but the transient energy on the opposite end is negative, which indicates that the fault direction is positive. According to these characteristics, an integration criterion identifying fault direction is constructed. In addition, through setting a fixed energy threshold, the faulted line and lightning disturbance can also be discriminated. Simulation results from UHVDC transmission system show the validity of the proposed protection method.