Tight constraints on the existence of additional planets around HD 189733

We report a transit timing study of the transiting exoplanetary system HD 189733. In total, we observed 10 transits in 2006 and 2008 with the 2.6-m Nordic Optical Telescope, and two transits in 2007 with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. We used Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations to derive the system parameters and their uncertainties, and our results are in a good agreement with previously published values. We performed two independent analyses of transit timing residuals to place upper mass limits on putative perturbing planets. The results show no evidence for the presence of planets down to 1 Earth mass near the 1:2 and 2:1 resonance orbits, and planets down to 2.2 Earth masses near the 3:5 and 5:3 resonance orbits with HD 189733b. These are the strongest limits to date on the presence of other planets in this system.

[1]  David B. Dunson,et al.  Bayesian Data Analysis , 2010 .

[2]  Tidal decay of close planetary orbits , 1996, astro-ph/9605059.

[3]  Avi Shporer,et al.  The Transit Light Curve Project. V. System Parameters and Stellar Rotation Period of HD 189733 , 2006, astro-ph/0612224.

[4]  D. Nesvorný TRANSIT TIMING VARIATIONS FOR ECCENTRIC AND INCLINED EXOPLANETS , 2009 .

[5]  Jason H. Steffen,et al.  An analysis of the transit times of tres-1b , 2005 .

[6]  E. Agol,et al.  Analytic Light Curves for Planetary Transit Searches , 2002, astro-ph/0210099.

[7]  Matthew J. Holman,et al.  The Use of Transit Timing to Detect Terrestrial-Mass Extrasolar Planets , 2005, Science.

[8]  R. Nichol,et al.  Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP , 2003, astro-ph/0310723.

[9]  Gordon A. H. Walker,et al.  Looking for Giant Earths in the HD 209458 System: A Search for Transits in MOST Space-based Photometry , 2007 .

[10]  I. A. Steele,et al.  A transit timing analysis of seven RISE light curves of the exoplanet system HAT-P-3 , 2009, 0909.4170.

[11]  D. Rubin,et al.  Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences , 1992 .

[12]  C. Murray,et al.  Solar System Dynamics: Expansion of the Disturbing Function , 1999 .

[13]  C. Moutou,et al.  Hubble Space Telescope time-series photometry of the planetary transit of HD 189733: no moon, no rings, starspots , 2007, 0707.1940.

[14]  David Charbonneau,et al.  The transit light curve project. I. Four consecutive transits of the exoplanet XO-1b , 2006 .

[15]  Brett Gladman,et al.  Dynamics of Systems of Two Close Planets , 1993 .

[16]  J. Winn,et al.  EMPIRICAL CONSTRAINTS ON TROJAN COMPANIONS AND ORBITAL ECCENTRICITIES IN 25 TRANSITING EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS , 2008, 0811.1996.

[17]  D. Sasselov,et al.  MOST Space-based Photometry of the Transiting Exoplanet System HD 189733: Precise Timing Measurements for Transits across an Active Star , 2008, 0802.2722.

[18]  Eric B. Ford,et al.  Using Transit Timing Observations to Search for Trojans of Transiting Extrasolar Planets , 2007, 0705.0356.

[19]  David M. Kipping,et al.  Transit Timing Effects Due to an Exomoon , 2008, 0810.2243.

[20]  E. Ford QUANTIFYING THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE ORBITS OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS , 2003, astro-ph/0305441.

[21]  E. Agol,et al.  On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits , 2004 .

[22]  J. Heyl,et al.  Using long-term transit timing to detect terrestrial planets , 2006, astro-ph/0610267.

[23]  Michel Mayor,et al.  ELODIE metallicity-biased search for transiting Hot Jupiters. II. A very hot Jupiter transiting the bright K star HD 189733 , 2005 .

[24]  C. Moutou,et al.  High accuracy transit photometry of the planet OGLE-TR-113b with a new deconvolution-based method , 2006 .

[25]  Lunar,et al.  Refined Parameters of the Planet Orbiting HD 189733 , 2006, astro-ph/0603291.

[26]  Edwin L. Turner,et al.  Measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin Effect in the Transiting Exoplanetary System TrES-1 , 2007, astro-ph/0702707.

[27]  David W. Latham,et al.  A STELLAR COMPANION IN THE HD 189733 SYSTEM WITH A KNOWN TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANET , 2006 .

[28]  Orbital Perturbations of Transiting Planets: A Possible Method to Measure Stellar Quadrupoles and to Detect Earth-Mass Planets , 2001, astro-ph/0104034.

[29]  William H. Press,et al.  Numerical recipes , 1990 .

[30]  E. K. Simpson,et al.  A TRANSIT TIMING ANALYSIS OF NINE RISE LIGHT CURVES OF THE EXOPLANET SYSTEM TrES-3 , 2009, 0905.4680.

[31]  Eric B. Ford,et al.  Improving the Efficiency of Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Analyzing the Orbits of Extrasolar Planets , 2005, astro-ph/0512634.

[32]  David Charbonneau,et al.  MULTIWAVELENGTH CONSTRAINTS ON THE DAY–NIGHT CIRCULATION PATTERNS OF HD 189733b , 2008, 0802.1705.

[33]  P. Sartoretti,et al.  On the detection of satellites of extrasolar planets with the method of transits , 1999 .