Dependability modeling and evaluation : from AADL to stochastic Petri nets

Performing dependability evaluation along with other analyses at architectural level allows both predicting the effects of architectural decisions on the dependability of a system and making tradeoffs. Thus, both industry and academia focus on defining model driven engineering (MDE) approaches and on integrating several analyses in the development process. AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) has proved to be efficient for architectural modeling and is considered by industry in the context presented above. Our contribution is a modeling framework allowing the generation of dependability-oriented analytical models from AADL models, to facilitate the evaluation of dependability measures, such as reliability or availability. We propose an iterative approach for system dependability modeling using AADL. In this context, we also provide a set of reusable modeling patterns for fault tolerant architectures. The AADL dependability model is transformed into a GSPN (Generalized Stochastic Petri Net) by applying model transformation rules. We have implemented an automatic model transformation tool. The resulting GSPN can be processed by existing tools to obtain dependability measures. The modeling approach is illustrated on a subsystem of the French Air trafic Control System.

[1]  Andrea Bondavalli,et al.  Stochastic Dependability Analysis of System Architecture Based on UML Models , 2002, WADS.

[2]  Rogério de Lemos.  Idealised Fault Tolerant Architectural Element , 2006 .

[3]  Brian Randell,et al.  Dependability and its threats - A taxonomy , 2004, IFIP Congress Topical Sessions.

[4]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  From UML sequence diagrams and statecharts to analysable petri net models , 2002, WOSP '02.

[5]  Brian Randell,et al.  The Evolution of the Recovery Block Concept , 1994 .

[6]  Leonard J. Bass,et al.  Attribute-Based Architecture Styles , 1999, WICSA.

[7]  José Merseguer,et al.  Software Performance Modeling Using UML and Petri Nets , 2003, MASCOTS Tutorials.

[8]  Karama Kanoun,et al.  Incremental Approach for Building Stochastic Petri Nets for Dependability Modeling , 1999 .

[9]  William H. Sanders,et al.  The Möbius Framework and Its Implementation , 2002, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[10]  Wolfgang Rosenstiel,et al.  Formal Performance Analysis and Simulation of UML/SysML Models for ESL Design , 2006, Proceedings of the Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference.

[11]  Jean Bézivin,et al.  Model Driven Engineering: An Emerging Technical Space , 2005, GTTSE.

[12]  Krzysztof Czarnecki,et al.  Classification of Model Transformation Approaches , 2003 .

[13]  Audris Kalnins,et al.  Model Transformation Language MOLA , 2003, MDAFA.

[14]  Jean Arlat,et al.  Definition and analysis of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures , 1990, Computer.

[15]  Nayeem Islam,et al.  An essential design pattern for fault-tolerant distributed state sharing , 1996, CACM.

[16]  S. S. Yau,et al.  Design of self-checking software , 1975 .

[17]  Giovanni Chiola,et al.  GSPNs versus SPNs: what is the actual role of immediate transitions? , 1991, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models PNPM91.

[18]  Jean Arlat,et al.  SURF-2: A program for dependability evaluation of complex hardware and software systems , 1993, FTCS-23 The Twenty-Third International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing.

[19]  Françoise Simonot-Lion,et al.  EAST-ADL - An Architecture Description Language - Validation and Verification Aspects , 2004, IFIP-WADL.

[20]  Salvatore J. Bavuso,et al.  Dynamic fault-tree models for fault-tolerant computer systems , 1992 .

[21]  Karama Kanoun,et al.  Availability of CAUTRA, a Subset of the French Air Traffic Control System , 1999, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[22]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Dependability Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of Scheduled Maintenance Systems , 1999, EDCC.

[23]  Holger Giese,et al.  Compositional Hazard Analysis of UML Component and Deployment Models , 2004, SAFECOMP.

[24]  Steve Vestal,et al.  Hierarchical Composition and Abstraction in Architecture Models , 2004, IFIP-WADL.

[25]  Alejandro Alonso,et al.  Integration of Safety Analysis and Software Development Methods , 2006 .

[26]  Valérie Issarny,et al.  Model-Driven Dependability Analysis of WebServices , 2004, CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE.

[27]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  An Aggregation Technique for the Transient Analysis of Stiff Markov Chains , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[28]  Richard F. Paige,et al.  Architecture description languages for high-integrity real-time systems , 2006, IEEE Software.

[29]  Frédéric Jouault,et al.  Transforming Models with ATL , 2005, MoDELS.

[30]  Wouter Joosen,et al.  Using AADL in model driven development , 2007 .

[31]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Techniques and Tools for Reliability and Performance Evaluation: Problems and Perspectives , 1994, Computer Performance Evaluation.

[32]  Laurent Nana,et al.  Scheduling and memory requirements analysis with AADL , 2005 .

[33]  S. Lu,et al.  A component-based approach to specify hazards in the design of safety-critical systems , 2005, INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005..

[34]  Diego Latella,et al.  Dependability analysis in the early phases of UML-based system design , 2001, Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng..

[35]  Mourad Debbabi,et al.  Automatic Verification and Performance Analysis of Time-Constrained SysML Activity Diagrams , 2007, 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07).

[36]  Katerina Goseva-Popstojanova,et al.  Architecture-based approach to reliability assessment of software systems , 2001, Perform. Evaluation.

[37]  Peter H. Feiler,et al.  Pattern-Based Analysis of an Embedded Real-Time System Architecture , 2004, IFIP-WADL.

[38]  Joanne Bechta Dugan,et al.  Automatic synthesis of dynamic fault trees from UML system models , 2002, 13th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 2002. Proceedings..

[39]  Steve Vestal,et al.  The SAE Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) a standard for engineering performance critical systems , 2006, 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control.

[40]  Alan W. Brown,et al.  Engineering of component-based systems , 1996, Proceedings of ICECCS '96: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (held jointly with 6th CSESAW and 4th IEEE RTAW).

[41]  Laurent Pautet,et al.  A Factory to Design and Build Tailorable and Verifiable Middleware , 2005, Monterey Workshop.

[42]  Diego Latella,et al.  High-level Integrated Design Environment for dependability (HIDE) , 1999, Proceedings. Fifth International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems.

[43]  Jean Arlat,et al.  Architectural Issues in Software Fault Tolerance , 1995 .

[44]  Richard N. Taylor,et al.  A Classification and Comparison Framework for Software Architecture Description Languages , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[45]  Marta Z. Kwiatkowska,et al.  Quantitative Analysis With the Probabilistic Model Checker PRISM , 2006, QAPL.

[46]  John A. McDermid,et al.  Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin and Propagation Studies , 1999, SAFECOMP.

[47]  Mario Dal Cin,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of UML Statechart Models of Dependable Systems , 2002, Comput. J..

[48]  Michael R. Lyu,et al.  Dependability Modeling for Fault-Tolerant Software and Systems , 1995 .

[49]  Brian Randell,et al.  An application of fault tolerance patterns and coordinated atomic actions to a problem in railway scheduling , 2000, OPSR.

[50]  Karama Kanoun,et al.  An architecture-based dependability modeling framework using AADL , 2007, ICSE 2007.

[51]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  A UML profile for dependability analysis of real-time embedded systems , 2007, WOSP '07.

[52]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Reliability and Performability Modeling Using SHARPE 2000 , 2000, Computer Performance Evaluation / TOOLS.

[53]  Holger Giese,et al.  Design of self-managing dependable systems with UML and fault tolerance patterns , 2004, WOSS '04.

[54]  Malcolm Wallace,et al.  Modular Architectural Representation and Analysis of Fault Propagation and Transformation , 2005, FESCA@ETAPS.

[55]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  Building Petri net scenarios for dependable automation systems , 2003, 10th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, 2003. Proceedings..

[56]  Alex Blakemore,et al.  The cost of eliminating vanishing markings from generalized stochastic Petri nets , 1989, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, PNPM89.

[57]  Mohammed Elkoutbi,et al.  MODELING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS WITH HIERARCHICAL COLORED PETRI NETS , 1997 .

[58]  Mark Klein,et al.  Experience with performing architecture tradeoff analysis , 1999, Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Software Engineering (IEEE Cat. No.99CB37002).

[59]  John Anil Saldhana.  UML Diagrams to Object Petri Net Models: An Approach for Modeling and Analysis , 2000 .