Event-Related Potential Correlates of Long-Term Memory for Briefly Presented Faces

Electrophysiological studies have investigated the nature of face recognition in a variety of paradigms; some have contrasted famous and novel faces in explicit memory paradigms, others have repeated faces to examine implicit memory/ priming. If the general finding that implicit memory can last for up to several months also holds for novel faces, a reliable measure of it could have practical application for eyewitness testimony, given that explicit measures of eyewitness memory have at times proven fallible. The current study aimed to determine whether indirect behavioral and electrophysiological measures might yield reliable estimates of face memory over longer intervals than have typically been obtained with priming manipulations. Participants were shown 192 faces and then tested for recognition at four test delays ranging from immediately up to 1 week later. Three event-related brain potential components (e.g., N250r, N400f, and LPC) varied with memory measures although only the N250r varied regardless of explicit recognition, that is, with both repetition and recognition.

[1]  Claire S. Birch,et al.  Electrophysiological Evidence for the Modulation of Retrieval Orientation by Depth of Study Processing , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[2]  M. Kutas,et al.  Neurophysiological evidence for visual perceptual categorization of words and faces within 150 ms. , 1998, Psychophysiology.

[3]  Changing photos of faces: effects of exposure duration and photo similarity on recognition and the accuracy−confidence relationship , 1990 .

[4]  M Seeck,et al.  Neurophysiologic correlates of implicit face memory in intracranial visual evoked potentials , 1997, Neurology.

[5]  L. Deming,et al.  The Relationship of Sleep to Learning and Memory , 1991 .

[6]  Stefan R Schweinberger,et al.  Age-related slowing in face and name recognition: evidence from event-related brain potentials. , 2002, Psychology and aging.

[7]  Neal J. Cohen,et al.  Event-related Potential Signatures of Relational Memory , 2006, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[8]  Gail Musen.  Effects of verbal labeling and exposure duration on implicit memory for visual patterns. , 1991, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[9]  P. Venables.  For Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology , 1988 .

[10]  A. Mecklinger,et al.  Interfacing mind and brain: a neurocognitive model of recognition memory. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[11]  Michael D. Rugg,et al.  Dissociation of the neural correlates of implicit and explicit memory , 1998, Nature.

[12]  Ken A Paller,et al.  The neural basis of the butcher-on-the-bus phenomenon: when a face seems familiar but is not remembered , 2004, NeuroImage.

[13]  Kathy Pezdek,et al.  Face recognition memory: The effects of exposure duration and encoding instruction , 1992 .

[14]  A. Burton,et al.  Event-related brain potential evidence for a response of inferior temporal cortex to familiar face repetitions. , 2002, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[15]  Ken A. Paller,et al.  Neural Manifestations of Memory with and without Awareness , 2003, Neuron.

[16]  W. Hippel,et al.  Stimulus exposure time and perceptual memory , 1994, Perception & psychophysics.

[17]  B. Rossion,et al.  Task modulation of brain activity related to familiar and unfamiliar face processing: an ERP study , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[18]  John R. Vokey,et al.  Changing photos of faces: effects of exposure duration and photo similarity on recognition and the accuracy−confidence relationship , 1990 .

[19]  D. Jeffreys.  Evoked Potential Studies of Face and Object Processing , 1996 .

[20]  T. Allison,et al.  Electrophysiological studies of human face perception. III: Effects of top-down processing on face-specific potentials. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[21]  M. Eimer.  Event-related brain potentials distinguish processing stages involved in face perception and recognition , 2000, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[22]  H. Jasper,et al.  The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. , 1999, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[23]  H Begleiter,et al.  Event-related brain potentials differentiate priming and recognition to familiar and unfamiliar faces. , 1995, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[24]  Sean M. Lane,et al.  Source misattributions and the suggestibility of eyewitness memory. , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[25]  A. Young,et al.  Understanding face recognition. , 1986, British journal of psychology.

[26]  Marcia Grabowecky,et al.  Electrophysiological Correlates of Recollecting Faces of Known and Unknown Individuals , 2000, NeuroImage.

[27]  C. Joyce,et al.  Automatic removal of eye movement and blink artifacts from EEG data using blind component separation. , 2004, Psychophysiology.

[28]  Werner Sommer,et al.  Repetition priming and associative priming of face recognition: Evidence from event-related potentials. , 1995 .

[29]  Astrid M. Schloerscheidt,et al.  The impact of change in stimulus format on the electrophysiological indices of recognition , 2004, Neuropsychologia.

[30]  A. Burton,et al.  Human brain potential correlates of repetition priming in face and name recognition , 2002, Neuropsychologia.

[31]  Harry Wechsler,et al.  The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face-recognition algorithms , 1998, Image Vis. Comput..

[32]  R. Henson,et al.  Electrophysiological and haemodynamic correlates of face perception, recognition and priming. , 2003, Cerebral cortex.

[33]  T. Allison,et al.  Electrophysiological Studies of Face Perception in Humans , 1996, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[34]  E. Tulving,et al.  Task-related and item-related brain processes of memory retrieval. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  Shlomo Bentin,et al.  The effects of immediate stimulus repetition on reaction time and event-related potentials in tasks of different complexity , 1994 .

[36]  D. Reisberg,et al.  Indirect testing of eyewitness memory: The (non)effect of misinformation , 1991 .

[37]  M. Glanzer,et al.  Speed versus accuracy instructions, study time, and the mirror effect. , 1993, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[38]  E. Loftus,et al.  Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory , 1974 .

[39]  C Ranganath,et al.  Brain waves following remembered faces index conscious recollection. , 1999, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[40]  L. Deouell,et al.  STRUCTURAL ENCODING AND IDENTIFICATION IN FACE PROCESSING: ERP EVIDENCE FOR SEPARATE MECHANISMS , 2000, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[41]  R. Greenberg,et al.  Posttrial REM sleep: A critical period for consolidation of shuttlebox avoidance , 1973 .

[42]  Sönke Johannes,et al.  Event-related brain potentials to unfamiliar faces in explicit and implicit memory tasks , 1997, Neuroscience Research.

[43]  M. Rugg,et al.  Event-related potentials and recognition memory for words. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[44]  Stefan R. Schweinberger,et al.  Covert Recognition and the Neural System for Face Processing , 2003, Cortex.

[45]  Ken A Paller,et al.  Brain potentials associated with perceptual priming vs explicit remembering during the repetition of visual word-form , 1998, Neuropsychologia.

[46]  Bruce,et al.  Repetition priming of face recognition , 1994 .

[47]  T. Curran.  Brain potentials of recollection and familiarity , 2000, Memory & cognition.

[48]  C. Michel,et al.  Evidence for rapid face recognition from human scalp and intracranial electrodes , 1997, Neuroreport.

[49]  J. Podd.  The effects of memory load and delay on facial recognition , 1990 .

[50]  T W Picton,et al.  Comparative electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of neural activation during memory‐retrieval , 2001, Human brain mapping.

[51]  Steven A. Sloman,et al.  Forgetting in primed fragment completion. , 1988 .

[52]  David I. Perrett,et al.  Event-related potentials and the matching of familiar and unfamiliar faces , 1988, Neuropsychologia.

[53]  I. Gauthier,et al.  Spatial scale contribution to early visual differences between face and object processing. , 2003, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.