Cytotoxic and blocking effect of bovine colostrum.

Summary Frequency of intramammary infection and clinical mastitis during the first weeks of lactation, despite high leukocyte counts and high immunoglobulin levels is an immunological paradox. Investigations were made to examine the cause of reduced phagocytic activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and macrophages from the 3rd day before to the 21st day after parturition. A significant (P < 0.01) cytotoxic action of colostrum and its fat fraction was noted in vivo on the leukocytes in milk, and in vitro on lymphocytes and PMNL of bovine blood. Apart from the low percentage of living leukocytes, a significantly (P < 0.01) reduced percentage of leukocytes bearing Fc receptors (FcRs) was found. The low percentage of leukocytes bearing FcRs was associated with depressed phagocytic activity of colostral macrophages and PMNL. The results obtained indicate that the cytotoxic and blocking effect of bovine colostrum could seriously affect cell-mediated immunity before parturition and during the first weeks of lactation. Zusammenfassung Zytotoxischer und blockierender Effekt von Rinderkolostrum Trotz hoher Leukozytenzahlen und hoher Ig-Spiegel im Kolostrum kommt es paradoxerweise haufig zu intramammaren Infektionen und Mastitiden. Untersucht wurde nun die Beeinflussung der Phagozytoseaktivitat von polymorphkernigen Leukozyten (PMNL) und Makrophagen im Zeitraum zwischen dem 3. Tag vor der Geburt und dem 21. Tag nach der Geburt. Nachgewiesen wurde eine signifikante (P < 0,01) zytotoxische Aktivitat des Kolostrums und seiner Fettfraktion in vivo auf die Milchleukozyten. Neben der verminderten Prozentzahl lebender Leukozyten wurde auch ein signifikant (P < 0,01) verminderter Prozentsatz von Leukozyten mit Fc-Rezeptoren (FcRs) gefunden. Der geringe Anteil von Fc-Rezeptoren tragender Leukozyten war assoziiert mit einer herabgesetzten Phagozytoseaktivitat der Makrophagen und PMNL im Kolostrum. Die Resultate sprechen dafur, das die zytotoxischen und blockierenden Eigenschaften des Rinderkolostrums die zellulare Immunitat vor der Geburt und in den ersten Wochen der Laktation nachteilig beeinflussen konnen.

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