Effect of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ on properties of polyaniline nanoparticles

Uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles with typical sizes of about 50 nm were electropolymerized on indium tin oxide surfaces in the presence of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+. According to shaping theory, we first suggest the reason forming PANI spherical particles. Their conductivity, UV-vis spectra, FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were investigated. The conductivities and crystallinity of PANI doped with these ions are higher than those of PANI doped with HCl (PANI/HCl). Both UV-vis absorption spectra and FTIR spectra indicate the interactions between Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ and PANI chains. TG analysis also shows that the thermal stability of PANI doped by Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ is lower than that of PANI/HCl. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007

[1]  O. Salata,et al.  Enhanced electroluminescent efficiency from spin-coated europium(III) organic light-emitting device , 2002 .

[2]  B. T. G. Tan,et al.  Preparation of polyanilines doped in mixed protonic acids: Their characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry , 1989 .

[3]  K. L. Tan,et al.  Palladium-containing polyaniline and polypyrrole microparticles , 1998 .

[4]  L. Miller,et al.  Conductometric Sensors Based on the Hypersensitive Response of Plasticized Polyaniline Films to Organic Vapors , 1998 .

[5]  K. Pielichowski.  Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of polyaniline , 1997 .

[6]  J. H. Forsberg.  Complexes of lanthanide (III) ions with nitrogen donor ligands , 1973 .

[7]  J. Stejskal,et al.  Polyaniline dispersions 8. The control of particle morphology , 1999 .

[8]  A. Heeger,et al.  Phenyl-capped octaaniline (COA): an excellent model for polyaniline , 1986 .

[9]  Yen Wei,et al.  Thermal analysis of chemically synthesized polyaniline and effects of thermal aging on conductivity , 1989 .

[10]  Richard B Kaner,et al.  Nanofiber formation in the chemical polymerization of aniline: a mechanistic study. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[11]  Jia-Ming Liu,et al.  Novel colloidal polyaniline fibrils made by template guided chemical polymerization , 1991 .

[12]  A. T. Johnson,et al.  Electrostatically-generated nanofibers of electronic polymers , 2001 .

[13]  J. Laska,et al.  Spectroscopic and structural characterization of low molecular weight fractions of polyaniline , 2005 .

[14]  S. Palaniappan,et al.  Temperature effect on conducting polyaniline salts: Thermal and spectral studies , 1994 .

[15]  K. Ogura,et al.  Electrochemical Characterization of Soluble Conducting Polymers as Ion Exchangers , 1997 .

[16]  S. Im,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline nanoparticles in SDS micellar solutions , 2001 .

[17]  A. Motheo,et al.  Characteristics of polyaniline synthesized in phosphate buffer solution , 2004 .

[18]  Chan Eon Park,et al.  Preparation of aqueous polyaniline dispersions by micellar‐aided polymerization , 2003 .

[19]  A. Epstein,et al.  Charge transport studies of doped polyanilines with various dopants and their mixtures , 1997 .

[20]  H. Chan,et al.  Thermal analysis of conducting polymers part I , 1989 .

[21]  D. C. Trivedi,et al.  Investigations on the effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on the properties of polyaniline , 1993 .

[22]  C. Weder,et al.  Preparation of nanocomposites of polyaniline and inorganic semiconductors , 2001 .

[23]  Hong Dong,et al.  Sub-micrometer conducting polyaniline tubes prepared from polymer fiber templates , 2004 .

[24]  D. Sohn,et al.  Size control of polyaniline nanoparticle by polymer surfactant , 2002 .

[25]  B. H. Weiller,et al.  Polyaniline nanofibers: facile synthesis and chemical sensors. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[26]  P. Dobson,et al.  Orange Electroluminescence from a Divalent Europium Complex , 1999 .

[27]  S. Palaniappan.  Chemical and electrochemical polymerization of aniline using tartaric acid , 2001 .

[28]  Chengwei Wang,et al.  Well-aligned polyaniline nano-fibril array membrane and its field emission property , 2001 .

[29]  Rongguan Lv,et al.  Effect of magnetic field on properties of polyaniline doped with dysprosium chloride , 2006 .

[30]  K. Neoh,et al.  Thermal degradation of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine base and their complexes , 1990 .

[31]  B. H. Weiller,et al.  Nanostructured polyaniline sensors. , 2004, Chemistry.

[32]  Lintao Cai,et al.  Improved conductivity and electrical properties of polyaniline in the presence of rare-earth cations and magnetic field , 1997 .

[33]  Chun-Guey Wu,et al.  Electroless surface polymerization of polyaniline films on aniline primed ITO electrodes: a simple method to fabricate good modified anodes for polymeric light emitting diodes , 2001 .

[34]  A. Heeger,et al.  X-ray scattering from crystalline polyaniline , 1989 .

[35]  H. Chan,et al.  Morphology of polyaniline nanoparticles synthesized in triblock copolymers micelles , 2005 .

[36]  C. A. Ferreira,et al.  Chemical synthesis of polyaniline using sulphanilic acid as dopant agent into the reactional medium , 1999 .

[37]  S. Uemura,et al.  An organic red-emitting diode with a water-soluble DNA–polyaniline complex containing Ru(bpy)32+ , 2001 .

[38]  S. Armes,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of surface-aminated polypyrrole–silica nanocomposites , 1998 .

[39]  Guojin Zhang,et al.  Polyaniline nanowires on Si surfaces fabricated with DNA templates. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  Hu-lin Li,et al.  Preparation and characterization of uniform polyaniline nano-fibrils using the anodic aluminum oxide template , 2002 .

[41]  B. Grady,et al.  Adsorbed surfactants as templates for the synthesis of morphologically controlled polyaniline and polypyrrole nanostructures on flat surfaces: from spheres to wires to flat films. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[42]  T. Bein,et al.  Conducting Carbon Wires in Ordered, Nanometer-Sized Channels , 1994, Science.

[43]  J. Kumar,et al.  Enhanced performance of polythiophene derivative based light emitting diodes by addition of europium and ruthenium complexes , 1998 .

[44]  Xingrong Zeng,et al.  Structure?conductivity relationships of iodine-doped polyaniline , 1997 .

[45]  Steffen Härtel,et al.  Shape transitions and lattice structuring of ceramide-enriched domains generated by sphingomyelinase in lipid monolayers. , 2005, Biophysical journal.

[46]  Arthur J. Epstein,et al.  X-ray structure of polyaniline , 1991 .

[47]  J. Stejskal,et al.  Polyaniline dispersions: preparation of spherical particles and their light-scattering characterization , 1992 .

[48]  Huang,et al.  Polaron lattice in highly conducting polyaniline: Theoretical and optical studies. , 1987, Physical review letters.

[49]  S. Oh,et al.  Preparation and Properties of Electrically Conductive Polyaniline-Polystyrene Composites by in-situ Polymerization and Blending , 1997 .

[50]  Charles R. Martin,et al.  Template Synthesis of Electronically Conductive Polymer Nanostructures , 1995 .

[51]  Richard B Kaner,et al.  A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[52]  V. D. Petrikov,et al.  Synthesis of monodisperse PbS quantum dots in phosphate glass , 1999 .

[53]  K. Koyama,et al.  Electrorheological properties of poly(o-anisidine) and poly(o-anisidine)-coated silica suspensions , 1996 .

[54]  Zhang Hongfang,et al.  Green electroluminescence generated from the thin film based on a soluble lanthanide complex , 2000 .