Mechanism of Heat Transfer with Nanofluids for the Application in Oil Wells

Nanofluid plays an important role in a drilling process which includes the removal of cuttings, lubricating, and cooling the drill bits. Nonetheless, production increases from the reservoirs which are non-conventional, and the stability and performance of conventional drilling fluids under high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) environment have apprehensiveness. Both water- and oil-based drilling fluids are likely to experience a number of degenerations such as degradation of weighting materials, gelation, and disintegration of polymeric additives under HTHP conditions. Lately, nanotechnology has shown a lot of promise in the oil and gas sectors, including nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. This chapter is focused on to explore the influence of nanoparticles on the heat transfer efficiency of drilling fluids to make the drilling phenomena smooth and cost effective. The chapter begins with explaining the importance of drilling fluid during the drilling process with a historical assessment of drilling fluid industry development. It is followed by definitions, uses, and types of drilling fluid as well as the additives that are appended to enhance drilling fluid performance. Moreover, the progress of the oil production industry from unconventional wells has been discussed after which the limitations and degradation of the traditional drilling fluid have been taken up. Finally, this chapter discusses the great potential of nanotechnology in solving drilling problems in addition to the technical and the economic benefits of using nanomaterials in drilling fluids before offering a brief conclusion.

[1]  Igor Pioro,et al.  Experimental evaluation of constants for the Rohsenow pool boiling correlation , 1999 .

[2]  Amanullah,et al.  Nano-Technology - Its Significance in Smart Fluid Development for Oil and Gas Field Application , 2009 .

[3]  Jahar Sarkar,et al.  A critical review on convective heat transfer correlations of nanofluids , 2011 .

[4]  Tsing-Tshih Tsung,et al.  Shape-controlled synthesis of Cu-based nanofluid using submerged arc nanoparticle synthesis system (SANSS) , 2005 .

[5]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  Microwave synthesis of silver nanofluids with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their transport properties , 2008 .

[6]  C. Chon,et al.  Empirical correlation finding the role of temperature and particle size for nanofluid (Al2O3) thermal conductivity enhancement , 2005 .

[7]  S. M. Sohel Murshed,et al.  A review of boiling and convective heat transfer with nanofluids , 2011 .

[8]  Saeed Zeinali Heris,et al.  Experimental investigation of oxide nanofluids laminar flow convective heat transfer , 2006 .

[9]  W. Roetzel,et al.  Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids , 2000 .

[10]  Haitao Zhu,et al.  Critical Issues in Nanofluids Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Conductivity , 2009 .

[11]  J. Abdo,et al.  Clay nanoparticles modified drilling fluids for drilling of deep hydrocarbon wells , 2013 .

[12]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Highly Efficient Method for Preparing Homogeneous and Stable Colloids Containing Graphene Oxide , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[13]  Chi-Chuan Wang,et al.  Enhancement of thermal conductivity with carbon nanotube for nanofluids , 2005 .

[14]  T. Mckrell,et al.  Laminar convective heat transfer and viscous pressure loss of alumina–water and zirconia–water nanofluids , 2009 .

[15]  V. Gnielinski.  New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow , 1976 .

[16]  W. Roetzel,et al.  Pool boiling characteristics of nano-fluids , 2003 .

[17]  S. Suresh,et al.  A Review on the Mechanisms of Heat Transport in Nanofluids , 2009 .

[18]  Somchai Wongwises,et al.  Heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics of TiO2–water nanofluid in a double-tube counter flow heat exchanger , 2009 .

[19]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  A REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF NANOFLUIDS , 2011 .

[20]  Rahman Saidur,et al.  Convective heat transfer and fluid flow study over a step using nanofluids: A review , 2011 .

[21]  J. Koo,et al.  Impact analysis of natural convection on thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids using the transient hot-wire method , 2011 .

[22]  Haifeng Zhu,et al.  Novel Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity of CuO Nanofluid , 2007 .

[23]  W. Roetzel,et al.  TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT FOR NANOFLUIDS , 2003 .

[24]  H. Bönnemann,et al.  Monodisperse copper- and silver-nanocolloids suitable for heat-conductive fluids , 2005 .

[25]  S. Phillpot,et al.  Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids) , 2002 .

[26]  B. Yang,et al.  Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of nanorod-based nanofluids , 2006 .

[27]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Enhancement of thermal conductivity of kerosene-based Fe3O4 nanofluids prepared via phase-transfer method , 2010 .

[28]  Anthony M. Jacobi,et al.  Flow-boiling heat transfer of R-134a-based nanofluids in a horizontal tube , 2010 .

[29]  Sarit K. Das,et al.  Effect of particle size on the convective heat transfer in nanofluid in the developing region , 2009 .

[30]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of Cu-water nanofluid , 2002, Science China Technological Sciences.

[31]  J. Buongiorno,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Alumina/Water and Zirconia/Water Nanoparticle Colloids (Nanofluids) in Horizontal Tubes , 2008 .

[32]  K. Leong,et al.  Investigations of thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids , 2008 .

[33]  D. Das,et al.  A review and analysis on influence of temperature and concentration of nanofluids on thermophysical properties, heat transfer and pumping power , 2012 .

[34]  Tae-Keun Hong,et al.  Study of the enhanced thermal conductivity of Fe nanofluids , 2005 .

[35]  Wenhua Yu,et al.  Review and Comparison of Nanofluid Thermal Conductivity and Heat Transfer Enhancements , 2008 .

[36]  Mukul M. Sharma,et al.  Strategies for Sizing Particles in Drilling and Completion Fluid , 2004 .

[37]  W. Rohsenow.  A Method of Correlating Heat-Transfer Data for Surface Boiling of Liquids , 1952, Journal of Fluids Engineering.

[38]  B. Michel,et al.  On the thermal conductivity of gold nanoparticle colloids. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[39]  William W. Yu,et al.  ANOMALOUSLY INCREASED EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING COPPER NANOPARTICLES , 2001 .

[40]  Y. Xuan,et al.  Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids , 2003 .

[41]  Young I Cho,et al.  HYDRODYNAMIC AND HEAT TRANSFER STUDY OF DISPERSED FLUIDS WITH SUBMICRON METALLIC OXIDE PARTICLES , 1998 .

[42]  Kirk L. Yerkes,et al.  Experimental investigation into the convective heat transfer and system-level effects of Al2O3-propanol nanofluid , 2010 .

[43]  P. F. Vassallo,et al.  Pool boiling heat transfer experiments in silica–water nano-fluids , 2004 .

[44]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Experimental investigation into the pool boiling heat transfer of aqueous based γ-alumina nanofluids , 2005 .

[45]  R. Ahmed,et al.  Vital Role of Nanopolymers in Drilling and Stimulations Fluid Applications , 2010 .

[46]  Y. Hardalupas,et al.  Anomalous heat transfer modes of nanofluids: a review based on statistical analysis , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[47]  E. Grulke,et al.  Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in nanotube suspensions , 2001 .

[48]  Haisheng Chen,et al.  Heat transfer and flow behaviour of aqueous suspensions of TiO2 nanoparticles (nanofluids) flowing upward through a vertical pipe , 2007 .

[49]  T. Mohiuddin,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Drilling Fluid Performance as Nanoparticles , 2013 .

[50]  Simon Tung,et al.  A review on development of nanofluid preparation and characterization , 2009 .

[51]  H. Kang,et al.  Estimation of Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid Using Experimental Effective Particle Volume , 2006 .

[52]  Mansoo Choi,et al.  Nanofluids containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their enhanced thermal conductivities , 2003 .

[53]  B. S. Murty,et al.  Dielectric relaxation studies of nanocrystalline CuAlO2 using modulus formalism , 2007 .

[54]  Soon-Heung Chang,et al.  Boiling heat transfer performance and phenomena of Al2O 3-water nano-fluids from a plain surface in a pool , 2004 .

[55]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Effective thermal conductivity of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes (carbon nanotube nanofluids) , 2004 .

[56]  M. Sastry,et al.  Phase transfer of silver nanoparticles from aqueous to organic solutions using fatty amine molecules. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[57]  A. Nikolov,et al.  Spreading of nanofluids on solids , 2003, Nature.

[58]  Jules Thibault,et al.  Pool boiling heat transfer performance of Newtonian nanofluids , 2009 .

[59]  Somchai Wongwises,et al.  A critical review of convective heat transfer of nanofluids , 2007 .

[60]  Shuo Yang,et al.  Investigation of pH and SDBS on enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids , 2009 .

[61]  Seok Pil Jang,et al.  A Review of Thermal Conductivity Data, Mechanisms and Models for Nanofluids , 2010 .

[62]  Gayatri Paul,et al.  Techniques for measuring the thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A review , 2010 .

[63]  Matteo Chiesa,et al.  Experimental investigation of the dielectric and cooling performance of colloidal suspensions in insulating media , 2009 .

[64]  Fang Tian,et al.  Aqueous-organic phase-transfer of highly stable gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles and new route for fabrication of gold nanofilms at the oil/water interface and on solid supports. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[65]  N. Zuber.  Hydrodynamic aspects of boiling heat transfer (thesis) , 1959 .

[66]  Sarit K. Das,et al.  Heat Transfer in Nanofluids—A Review , 2006 .

[67]  P. Vadasz.  Rendering the Transient Hot Wire Experimental Method for Thermal Conductivity Estimation to Two-Phase Systems—Theoretical Leading Order Results , 2010 .

[68]  Haifeng Zhu,et al.  A novel one-step chemical method for preparation of copper nanofluids. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[69]  Xinkui Wang,et al.  Novel phase-transfer preparation of monodisperse silver and gold nanoparticles at room temperature , 2008 .

[70]  D. Tang,et al.  Thermal-Conductivity and Thermal-Diffusivity Measurements of Nanofluids by 3ω Method and Mechanism Analysis of Heat Transport , 2007 .

[71]  Elena V. Timofeeva,et al.  Heat transfer to a silicon carbide/water nanofluid , 2009 .

[72]  A. Rashidi,et al.  The role of different parameters on the stability and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube/water nanofluids☆ , 2010 .

[73]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Natural convective heat transfer of suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nanofluids) , 2006 .

[74]  G. Prakash Narayan,et al.  Mechanism of enhancement/deterioration of boiling heat transfer using stable nanoparticle suspensions over vertical tubes , 2007 .

[75]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Heat transfer of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNT nanofluids) , 2006 .

[76]  Rengasamy Ponnappan,et al.  Thermal conductivity improvement in carbon nanoparticle doped PAO oil: An experimental study , 2007 .

[77]  F. Dittus,et al.  Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type , 1930 .

[78]  Xianfan Xu,et al.  Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle -Fluid Mixture , 1999 .

[79]  A. Nagashima,et al.  ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING LIQUIDS BY THE TRANSIENT HOT-WIRE METHOD (THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AN AQUEOUS NaCl SOLUTION AT HIGH PRESSURE). , 1981 .

[80]  A. Eunson,et al.  Innovative Drilling Fluid Design and Rigorous Pre-Well Planning Enable Success in an Extreme HTHP Well , 2000 .

[81]  Prasanta Kumar Das,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of nanofluid for advanced heat transfer applications , 2006 .

[82]  Hong-Ming Lin,et al.  Fabrication of copper oxide nanofluid using submerged arc nanoparticle synthesis system (SANSS) , 2005 .

[83]  Jing Fan,et al.  Nanofluids Research: Key Issues , 2010, Nanoscale research letters.

[84]  Yulong Ding,et al.  Experimental investigation into convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance region under laminar flow conditions , 2004 .

[85]  K. Leong,et al.  Enhanced thermal conductivity of TiO2—water based nanofluids , 2005 .

[86]  Huaqing Xie,et al.  Thermal conductivity enhancement of suspensions containing nanosized alumina particles , 2002 .