Electrical Breakdown of Liquids

A phenomenon generally referred to as dielectric breakdown or electrical breakdown is an increase in conduction of a material by several orders of magnitude resulting from the failure of dielectrics under electric stress. The parameter which describes the quality of material as a dielectric from the point of view of electrical breakdown is the voltage at which the process occurs, divided by the dielectric thickness. It is loosely referred to by such terms as the breakdown field strength, dielectric strength, or instrinsic electrical strength. The magnitude of such a strength depends upon the composition and structure of the dielectric, but, in addition, is often a function of the multiplicity of external variables such as the uniformity of the electrical field, the heating effects caused by long stress times, and the quality of electrodes between which the dielectric is placed.

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