The aerospace industry faces fierce and rapidly changing competition worldwide which exercises a considerable amount of strain on its manufacturing subcontractors. In this context, it becomes essential to gain a better understanding of what constitutes the most critical capabilities of the world-class subcontractors. Drawing heavily on the concept of benchmarking and of fit as profile deviation, this paper allows to identify the most critical capabilities of the best performing firms. Results are derived from an international comparison of 384 subcontracting firms operating in the U.S.A., the U.K. and Canada. A very distinct profile emerges from the best subcontractors in terms of their acquired technological and managerial capabilities. The most critical capabilities which are common to subcontractors of all three countries are either intangible, difficult to imitate or not easily transferable. This leads us to believe that the best subcontractors hold a partcular competitive advantage which will be difficult for others to replicate, at least in the short term. This is not however the case for the less performing subcontractors who could well be subjected in the not too far future to the competitive pressures arising from the new industrializing countries. L'industrie aerospatiale est aux prises avec une concurrence intense a l'echelle mondiale, notamment avec la venue de nouveaux concurrents de la region Asie-Pacifique. Cette situation impose une pression supplementaire sur la sous-traitance actuelle dans ce secteur. Dans ce contexte, il apparait essentiel de mieux comprendre ce qui caracterise les sous-traitants de classe mondiale. Pour repondre a cette preoccupation, une etude comparative de 384 entreprises sous-traitantes fut realisee aux Etats-Unis, au Royaume-Uni, et au Canada, en faisant appel au concept de benchmarking et a une des perspectives d'alignement retrouvee dans la theorie de la contingence connue sous le nom de deviation du profil ideal. Un profil distinct semble emerger en ce qui a trait aux competences technologiques et manageriales detenues par les entreprises les plus performantes. Les competences critiques qui sont communes aux entreprises sous-traitantes de classe mondiale provenant des trois pays sont intangibles, difficiles a imiter, ou difficiliment transferables. Ceci laisse entrevoir que les sous-traitants actuels de calibre international possedent des competences qui seront difficilement reproductibles dans le cours terme. Ce ne serait pas le cas pour les sous-traitants moins performants qui seront aux prises dans un avenir prochain avec la venue de nouveaux concurrents en provenance des pays en voie d'industrialisation.
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