Evaluation of wind-driven natural ventilation of single-span greenhouses built on reclaimed coastal land

Recently, the government of South Korea announced the construction plan for a large-scale greenhouse complex on reclaimed coastal lands. Wind characteristics of the coastal regions are quite different from those of inland. Natural ventilation of greenhouses is strongly dependent on the exterior wind characteristics; therefore, the effects of topographical and meteorological characteristics of the coastal regions on ventilation rate should be carefully evaluated to ensure stable and uniform production of the crops. In this study, wind-driven natural ventilation rates of single-span greenhouses were evaluated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique examining greenhouse type and typical wind conditions found in reclaimed lands. The accuracy of the designed CFD model was validated by comparing the result of the CFD simulation with the results of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements that were conducted in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, grid independence test and turbulence model test were conducted for validation of the designed CFD model. From these validated CFD model, the overall ventilation rates were estimated using two methods, mass flow rate (MFR) and tracer gas decay (TGD) methods according to greenhouse type, wind speed, wind direction, and configuration of the ventilator. Furthermore, local ventilation rates of the greenhouse were estimated using the TGD method. The CFD computed ventilation rates of greenhouses were evaluated by comparing them with the ventilation rates required for controlling the temperature in greenhouses. Finally, charts, which can be used to predict the natural ventilation rate of the single-span greenhouse built on reclaimed land, were developed.

[1]  M. Kacira,et al.  Implementation of a greenhouse cooling strategy with natural ventilation and variable fogging rates , 2013 .

[2]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Review: Effect of ventilator configuration on the distributed climate of greenhouses: A review of experimental and CFD studies , 2010 .

[3]  T. Kozai,et al.  A modelling approach to greenhouse ventilation control. , 1980 .

[4]  Michael Schatzmann,et al.  Recommendations on the use of CFD in wind engineering , 2004 .

[5]  M. Kacira,et al.  Effects of side vents and span numbers on wind-induced natural ventilation of a gothic multi-span greenhouse , 2004 .

[6]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  PIV VERIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE VENTILATION AIR FLOWS TO EVALUATE CFD ACCURACY , 2005 .

[7]  P. A. Blackmore,et al.  The silsoe structures building: Comparison of 1 : 100 model-scale data with full-scale data , 1995 .

[8]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Dependence of greenhouse tunnel ventilation on wind direction and crop height , 2009 .

[9]  George Papadakis,et al.  Wind Induced Air Exchange Rates in a Greenhouse Tunnel with Continuous Side Openings , 1996 .

[10]  N. Katsoulas,et al.  A simple model for ventilation rate determination in screenhouses , 2015 .

[11]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  Estimation of Wind Pressure Coefficients on Even-Span Greenhouse Built in Reclaimed Land according to Roof Slop using Wind Tunnel , 2014 .

[12]  Jung Eek Son,et al.  3-D CFD analysis of relative humidity distribution in greenhouse with a fog cooling system and refrigerative dehumidifiers , 2008 .

[13]  Gennady Ziskind,et al.  Effect of wind direction on greenhouse ventilation rate, airflow patterns and temperature distributions , 2008 .

[14]  J. C. Roy,et al.  CFD PREDICTION OF THE NATURAL VENTILATION IN A TUNNEL-TYPE GREENHOUSE: INFLUENCE OF WIND DIRECTION AND SENSIBILITY TO TURBULENCE MODELS , 2005 .

[15]  J. B Campen,et al.  Determination of greenhouse-specific aspects of ventilation using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics , 2003 .

[16]  J. P. Bitog,et al.  Numerical Simulation of Ventilation Efficiencies of Naturally Ventilated Multi-Span Greenhouses in Korea , 2008 .

[17]  Meir Teitel,et al.  Air exchange and ventilation efficiencies of a monospan greenhouse with one inflow and one outflow through longitudinal side openings , 2014 .

[18]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Comparison of finite element and finite volume methods for simulation of natural ventilation in greenhouses , 2010 .

[19]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Numerical prediction of the effect of vent arrangements on the ventilation and energy transfer in a multi-span glasshouse using a bi-band radiation model , 2007 .

[20]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  Prediction of natural ventilation of multi-span greenhouses using CFD techniques and its verification with wind tunnel test. , 2000 .

[21]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  Evaluation of wind pressure coefficients of single-span greenhouses built on reclaimed coastal land using a large-sized wind tunnel. , 2016 .

[22]  N. Abu‐Hamdeh,et al.  THREE DIMENSIONAL CFD ANALYSIS OF BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION AND ENTROPY GENERATION IN A PRISMATIC GREENHOUSE , 2018 .

[23]  김락우.  Evaluation of Wind Pressure Coefficients of Greenhouses using Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Model , 2015 .

[24]  Kyeong Ja Kim,et al.  Analysis of Natural Ventilation Characteristics of Venlo-type Greenhouse with Continuous Roof Vents , 2011 .

[25]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  Study of Aerodynamics in Agriculture – Modern Technologies , 2003 .

[26]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Analysis of Greenhouse Ventilation Efficiency based on Computational Fluid Dynamics , 2006 .

[27]  A. Both,et al.  Experimental study of natural ventilation in an open-roof greenhouse during the summer , 2015 .

[28]  T. Maekawa,et al.  Temperature Distribution in a Naturally Ventilated Venlo Greenhouse with Six Spans and High Eaves , 2000 .

[29]  In-Bok Lee,et al.  A Wind Tunnel Study of Natural Ventilation for Multi-Span Greenhouse Scale Models Using Two-Dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) , 2003 .

[30]  Jorge Flores-Velázquez,et al.  Mechanical and natural ventilation systems in a greenhouse designed using computational fluid dynamics. , 2014 .

[31]  Juan Ignacio Montero,et al.  Analysis of the role of sidewall vents on buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in parral-type greenhouses with and without insect screens using computational fluid dynamics , 2009 .

[32]  S. Yun,et al.  Settlement Instrumentation of Greenhouse Foundation in Reclaimed Land , 2015 .

[33]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Characterization and Modelling of the Air Fluxes induced by Natural Ventilation in a Greenhouse , 1999 .

[34]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Effect of Vent Arrangement on Windward Ventilation of a Tunnel Greenhouse , 2004 .

[35]  Limi Okushima,et al.  Airflow Patterns Forced by Wind Effect in a Venlo Type Greenhouse , 1998 .

[36]  Robert E. Davis,et al.  Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models , 1985 .

[37]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Airflow and microclimate patterns in a one-hectare Canary type greenhouse: an experimental and CFD assisted study. , 2009 .

[38]  Peter Richards,et al.  Structure of the atmospheric boundary layer below 25 m and implications to wind loading on low-rise buildings , 1992 .

[39]  Pietro Picuno,et al.  Analysis of the efficiency of greenhouse ventilation using computational fluid dynamics , 1997 .

[40]  C. Kittas,et al.  Air flow and associated sensible heat exchanges in a naturally ventilated greenhouse , 1997 .

[41]  T. H. Short,et al.  TWO-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION IN A MULTI-SPAN GREENHOUSE , 2000 .

[42]  In-Ho Yu,et al.  An analysis of problems and countermeasures in the installation of plastic greenhouse on reclaimed lands , 2014 .

[43]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  VENTILATION PERFORMANCES OF A LARGE CANARIAN TYPE GREENHOUSE EQUIPPED WITH INSECT-PROOF NETS , 2002 .

[44]  G. Papadakis,et al.  The mechanisms involved in the natural ventilation of greenhouses , 1996 .

[45]  Keshi He,et al.  The effect of vent openings on the microclimate inside multi-span greenhouses during summer and winter seasons , 2015 .

[46]  Stefano Benni,et al.  Efficacy of greenhouse natural ventilation: Environmental monitoring and CFD simulations of a study case , 2016 .

[47]  Diego L. Valera,et al.  Measurement and simulation of climate inside Almerı́a-type greenhouses using computational fluid dynamics , 2004 .

[48]  T. H. Short,et al.  Verification of Computational Fluid Dynamic Temperature Simulations in a Full-Scale Naturally Ventilated Greenhouse , 2001 .

[49]  J. W. Lee,et al.  Estimation of Design Load for Greenhouse applicable in Coastal Reclaimed Lands , 2013 .

[50]  하정수.  Evaluation of Natural Ventilation Efficiency of Protected Cultivation System in Reclaimed Land using Aerodynamic Simulation , 2015 .

[51]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Effect of Roof and Side Opening Combinations on the Ventilation of a Greenhouse Using Computer Simulation , 2007 .

[52]  Thierry Boulard,et al.  Optimisation of Greenhouse Insect Screening with Computational Fluid Dynamics , 2006 .

[53]  Limi Okushima,et al.  A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR NATURAL VENTILATION DESIGN OF GREENHOUSES BASED ON COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS , 1989 .

[54]  Sadanori Sase,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF PLANT ARRANGEMENT ON AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A NATURALLY VENTILATED GLASSHOUSE , 1989 .

[55]  J. Montero,et al.  Natural Ventilation of Parral Greenhouses , 2004 .

[56]  C. Kittas,et al.  Quantification du taux d'aération d'une serre à ouvrant continu en toiture , 1995 .

[57]  T. Takakura,et al.  Wind tunnel testing on airflow and temperature distribution of a naturally ventilated greenhouse. , 1984 .