Vitamin D status is associated with adiposity in male ice hockey players.

UNLABELLED The prevalence of insufficient vitamin D status is of concern and may negatively affect health and physical performance. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was twofold, as follows: to assess the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency among young hockey players and evaluate the association between 25(OH)D concentration and fat mass (FM) after adjusting for covariates. METHODS Data were collected for 53 junior and collegiate ice hockey players residing near Minneapolis, MN (44.9° N) during the off-season (May 16 to June 28). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to assess 25(OH)D concentration, and hydrostatic weighing was used to determine FM. Dietary intake and endogenous synthesis of vitamin D were evaluated via a questionnaire. RESULTS Twenty (37.7%) athletes possessed insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations (<32 ng·mL(-1)). Log-transformed 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with FM in the athletes (r = -0.52, n = 51, P = 0.001). After controlling for measured covariates using sequential linear regression, the adjusted R2 change value indicated that 8.1% of the variability in (log of) 25(OH)D concentration was predicted by FM (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate an inverse association between FM and vitamin D status after adjusting for environmental, dietary, and anthropometric predictors in a sample population of athletes. Athletes with higher levels of adiposity may be at increased risk of poor vitamin D status.

[1]  R. Mason,et al.  Uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D by muscle and fat cells , 2014, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[2]  D. Thomas,et al.  The effects of season-long vitamin D supplementation on collegiate swimmers and divers. , 2013, International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism.

[3]  R. Mason,et al.  Evidence for a specific uptake and retention mechanism for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in skeletal muscle cells. , 2013, Endocrinology.

[4]  W. Fraser,et al.  Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months in the UK: implications for skeletal muscle function , 2013, Journal of sports sciences.

[5]  G. Banfi,et al.  Vitamin D in exercise: physiologic and analytical concerns. , 2013, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[6]  R. Heaney,et al.  Volumetric Dilution, Rather Than Sequestration Best Explains the Low Vitamin D Status of Obesity , 2012, Obesity.

[7]  B. Drust,et al.  Seasonal variation in vitamin D status in professional soccer players of the English Premier League. , 2012, Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme.

[8]  Derek T. Smith,et al.  Vitamin D status and biomarkers of inflammation in runners , 2012, Open access journal of sports medicine.

[9]  C. Earthman,et al.  The link between obesity and low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: considerations and implications , 2012, International Journal of Obesity.

[10]  F. Galán,et al.  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in early autumn to ensure vitamin D sufficiency in mid-winter in professional football players. , 2012, Clinical nutrition.

[11]  A. Tremblay,et al.  Elevated Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations, Vitamin D, and Calcium Intakes Are Associated With Reduced Adipocyte Size in Women , 2011, Obesity.

[12]  Amie J. Dirks-Naylor,et al.  The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function and cellular signaling , 2011, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[13]  B. Willis,et al.  Cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels in men. , 2011, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[14]  B. Hollis,et al.  Vitamin D status relative to diet, lifestyle, injury, and illness in college athletes. , 2011, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[15]  G. Chodick,et al.  High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Athletes and Dancers , 2010, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[16]  B. Hollis.  Assessment and interpretation of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the clinical environment. , 2010, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[17]  S. Racinais,et al.  Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Middle Eastern sportsmen , 2010, Public Health Nutrition.

[18]  R. Vasan,et al.  Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study , 2009, Diabetes.

[19]  J. Moan,et al.  The dependency of vitamin D status on body mass index, gender, age and season. , 2009, Anticancer research.

[20]  R. Heaney,et al.  Vitamin D3 Distribution and Status in the Body , 2009, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[21]  John J. B. Anderson,et al.  Athletic performance and vitamin D. , 2009, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[22]  P. Mortensen,et al.  A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay of 25OH vitamin D3 and 25OH vitamin D2 in dried blood spots. , 2009, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[23]  J. Moan,et al.  Seasonal variation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and its association with body mass index and age , 2009, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[24]  T. Brandon,et al.  A Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D2 and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 in Dried Blood Spots: A Potential Adjunct to Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk Screening , 2009, Journal of diabetes science and technology.

[25]  S. Booth,et al.  Vitamin D3 in fat tissue , 2008, Endocrine.

[26]  G. Lovell.  Vitamin D Status of Females in an Elite Gymnastics Program , 2008, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[27]  I. Reid,et al.  The effects of seasonal variation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fat mass on a diagnosis of vitamin D sufficiency. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[28]  M. Holick,et al.  Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[29]  E. Mawer,et al.  The distribution and storage of vitamin D and its metabolites in human tissues. , 1972, Clinical science.

[30]  L. Harris.  Sir Joseph Barcroft C.B.E., M.A., D.Sc., Hon. M.D., Hon. F.R.C.O.G., F.R.S. , 1947, British Journal of Nutrition.