Just Joking Around? Employee Humor Expression As An Ingratiatory Behavior

Previous research on ingratiation in organizations has identified various categories of ingratiatory behaviors. However, these studies have failed to mention or investigate the ingratiatory power of humor. I integrate past research on ingratiation with research on humor in organizations to propose humor as a type of ingratiatory behavior in the workplace. I describe how humor affects targets, including determinants of humor's effectiveness as an ingratiation strategy, and various outcomes of humor as an ingratiation tactic.

[1]  R. Givler Wit and humor. , 1922 .

[2]  Pamela Bradney The Joking Relationship in Industry , 1957 .

[3]  Donald F. Roy “Banana Time” Job Satisfaction and Informal Interaction , 1959 .

[4]  J. Goodchilds Effects of Being Witty on Position in the Social Structure of a Small Group , 1959 .

[5]  R. Coser Laughter among colleagues. A study of the social functions of humor among the staff of a mental hospital. , 1960, Psychiatry.

[6]  E. E. Jones,et al.  From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception1 , 1965 .

[7]  Craig C. Lundberg Person-Focused Joking: Pattern and Function , 1969 .

[8]  D. Byrne The Attraction Paradigm , 1971 .

[9]  P. Ekman,et al.  Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings , 1972 .

[10]  J. Goodchilds Chapter 9 – On Being Witty: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences , 1972 .

[11]  Gerald L. Clore,et al.  7 – A Reinforcement-Affect Model of Attraction , 1974 .

[12]  J. Tedeschi 9 – Attributions, Liking, and Power , 1974 .

[13]  H. Foot,et al.  Humour and laughter: Theory, research and applications. , 1976 .

[14]  J. Cantor What is Funny to Whom , 1976 .

[15]  A. Ziv,et al.  Facilitating effects of humor on creativity. , 1976, Journal of educational psychology.

[16]  C. Wortman,et al.  Interpersonal attraction and techniques of ingratiation in organizational settings , 1977 .

[17]  D. Kipnis,et al.  Intraorganizational Influence Tactics: Explorations in Getting One's Way , 1980 .

[18]  J. K. Murnighan,et al.  The Emergence of Norms in Competitive Decision-Making Groups. , 1985 .

[19]  W. J. Duncan,et al.  The Superiority Theory of Humor At Work , 1985 .

[20]  J. M. Fish,et al.  Gender and Personality Differences in the Appreciation of Cartoon Humor , 1986 .

[21]  R. Cardy,et al.  Affect and appraisal accuracy: Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance. , 1986 .

[22]  R. Liden,et al.  Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development , 1986 .

[23]  A. Isen,et al.  The Influence of Positive Affect and Visual Access on the Discovery of Integrative Solutions in Bilateral Negotiation , 1986 .

[24]  J. Morreall The Philosophy of laughter and humor , 1987 .

[25]  G. Graen,et al.  Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. , 1987 .

[26]  E. E. Jones Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior , 1987 .

[27]  H. Kelley Attribution in social interaction. , 1987 .

[28]  A. Isen,et al.  Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving , 1987 .

[29]  Terence R. Mitchell,et al.  Ingratiatory Behaviors in Organizational Settings , 1988 .

[30]  Arthur C. Graesser,et al.  Wit and humor in discourse processing , 1988 .

[31]  David L. Collinson,et al.  'Engineering Humour': Masculinity, Joking and Conflict in Shop-floor Relations , 1988 .

[32]  Karen L. Vinton Humor in the Workplace , 1989 .

[33]  C. Fletcher Impression management in the selection inter-view , 1989 .

[34]  William A. Kahn Toward a Sense of Organizational Humor: Implications for Organizational Diagnosis and Change , 1989 .

[35]  Gerald R. Ferris,et al.  Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study. , 1990 .

[36]  Cecilia M. Falbe,et al.  Influence tactics and objectives in upward, downward, and lateral influence attempts. , 1990 .

[37]  Tom Dwyer,et al.  Humor, Power, and Change in Organizations , 1991 .

[38]  R. Wyer,et al.  A theory of humor elicitation. , 1992, Psychological review.

[39]  D. Byrne,et al.  Chapter 2 The Implications of Attraction Research for Organizational Issues , 1992 .

[40]  Joanne D. Martin Cultures in Organizations: Three Perspectives , 1992 .

[41]  G. Yukl,et al.  Consequences of Influence Tactics Used With Subordinates, Peers, and the Boss , 1992 .

[42]  Ronald J. Deluga,et al.  The Role of Subordinate Performance and Ingratiation in Leader-Member Exchanges , 1994 .

[43]  Robert I. Sutton,et al.  Employee Positive Emotion and Favorable Outcomes at the Workplace , 1994 .

[44]  M. Ansari,et al.  Organizational Context and Ingratiatory Behavior in Organizations , 1994 .

[45]  Raymond T. Sparrowe,et al.  Developing Leader-Member Exchanges , 1994 .

[46]  Kenneth M. Prkachin,et al.  Perspective-Taking Humor: Accounting for Stress Moderation , 1995 .

[47]  Blake E. Ashforth,et al.  Emotion in the Workplace: A Reappraisal , 1995 .

[48]  Alan J. Dubinsky,et al.  An examination of linkages between personal characteristics and dimensions of transformational leadership , 1995 .

[49]  Jennifer A. Chatman,et al.  Culture as social control: Corporations, cults, and commitment. , 1996 .

[50]  Randall A. Gordon,et al.  Impact of ingratiation on judgments and evaluations: A meta-analytic investigation. , 1996 .

[51]  Robert J. Vallerand,et al.  Supervisors' Beliefs and Subordinates' Intrinsic Motivation: A Behavioral Confirmation Analysis , 1996 .

[52]  S. Aryee,et al.  Early Career Outcomes of Graduate Employees: the Effect of Mentoring and Ingratiation , 1996 .

[53]  THOMAS C. VEATCH,et al.  A theory of humor , 1998 .

[54]  Bruce J. Avolio,et al.  A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Bottom Line: Humor as a Moderator of Leadership Style Effects , 1999 .

[55]  Sigal G. Barsade The Ripple Effect: Emotional Contagion and its Influence on Group Behavior , 2002 .