Implications of Adaptive vs . Adaptable UIs on Decision Making : Why “ Automated Adaptiveness ” is Not Always the Right Answer

Opperman (1984) distinguishes between “adaptive” and “adaptable” systems. In either case, flexibility exists within the system to adapt to changing circumstances, but his distinction centers on who is in charge of that flexibility. For Opperman, an adaptable system is one in which the flexible control of information or system performance automation resides in the hands of the user; s/he must explicitly command, generally at run time, the changes which ensue. In an adaptive system, by contrast, the flexibility in information or automation behavior is controlled by the system. It is as if Opperman is implying (though not explicitly defining) a kind of “metaautomation” which is present and in control of the degrees of freedom and flexibility in information and performance automation subsystems in an adaptive system, but which is absent (and is replaced by human activities) in an adaptable one. It is unclear whether the Augmented Cognition community consistently uses Opperman’s terms or makes his distinction, but it would seem that, in the majority of cases at least, when the phrases “adaptive system”, “adaptive user interface” and “adaptive automation” are used in this community, they are used in Opperman’s sense of a machine system which controls flexibility in information and performance subsystems, albeit in the service of the human.

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