Public Bikesharing in North America during a Period of Rapid Expansion: Understanding Business Models, Industry Trends, and User Impacts

This study evaluates public bikesharing in North America, reviewing the change in travel behavior exhibited by members of different programs in the context of their business models and operational environment. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with IT-based bikesharing organizations in the United States, Canada, and Mexico in 2013. The authors also conducted two kinds of surveys with bikesharing users, an online member survey and an on-street survey. Results show that bikesharing is causing a diverse array of modal shifts within the different cities surveyed. Bikesharing was found to reduce the number of respondents using the bus in four of the five cities. The survey also found that bikesharing reduced respondents driving by large margins in all cities. The appendix examines bikesharing rebalancing through an analysis of the Hubway bikesharing system in Boston

[1]  Chicago zoning ordinance , 1927 .

[2]  M. Ivimey.  Annual report , 1958, IRE Transactions on Engineering Writing and Speech.

[3]  서정헌,et al.  반도체 공정 overview , 2001 .

[4]  Jennifer Dill,et al.  Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them , 2003 .

[5]  Clayton Lane,et al.  PhillyCarShare : First-year social and mobility impacts of carsharing in philadelphia, pennsylvania , 2005 .

[6]  A. Cheadle,et al.  Cycling and the Built Environment, a US Perspective , 2005 .

[7]  J. Pucher,et al.  Cycling Trends and Policies in Canadian Cities , 2005 .

[8]  D. Levinson,et al.  TRAILS, LANES, OR TRAFFIC: VALUING BICYCLE FACILITIES WITH AN ADAPTIVE STATED PREFERENCE SURVEY , 2007 .

[9]  P. DeMaio.  Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future , 2009 .

[10]  R. Kominski,et al.  Risk Factors for Children in the U . S . , States , and Metropolitan Areas : Data From the 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates , 2009 .

[11]  Jennifer Dill.  Bicycling for Transportation and Health: The Role of Infrastructure , 2009, Journal of public health policy.

[12]  J. Pucher,et al.  Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review. , 2010, Preventive medicine.

[13]  S. Shaheen,et al.  Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia , 2010 .

[14]  Elliot W. Martin,et al.  Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Holdings , 2010 .

[15]  Elliot W. Martin,et al.  Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Carsharing in North America , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[16]  Elliot Martin,et al.  The Impact of Carsharing on Public Transit and Non-Motorized Travel: An Exploration of North American Carsharing Survey Data , 2011 .

[17]  Jessica Schoner,et al.  Sharing to Grow: Economic Activity Associated with Nice Ride Bike Share Stations , 2012 .

[18]  Susan Shaheen,et al.  Public Bikesharing in North America: Early Operator and User Understanding , 2012 .

[19]  T. C. Chou,et al.  A Geo-Aware and VRP-Based Public Bicycle Redistribution System , 2012 .

[20]  Günther R. Raidl,et al.  Balancing Bicycle Sharing Systems: A Variable Neighborhood Search Approach , 2013, EvoCOP.

[21]  Elise Miller-Hooks,et al.  Large-Scale Vehicle Sharing Systems: Analysis of Vélib' , 2013 .

[22]  Darren Buck.  Encouraging Equitable Access to Public Bikesharing Systems , 2013 .

[23]  Thomas Pradeau,et al.  Self-service bike sharing systems: simulation, repositioning, pricing , 2013 .

[24]  Manfred Morari,et al.  Dynamic Vehicle Redistribution and Online Price Incentives in Shared Mobility Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.