Effect of in ovo Injection of Nicotonic Acid, Pantothenic Acid or Folic Acid on Immune System and Growth of Broiler Chickens

BACKGROUND: In ovo injection of nutrients as an early feeding method in birds directly supplies the nu- trients to the developing embryo. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of nicotonic acid, panto- thenic acid and folic acid on the performance and immune system of broilers. METHODS: 450 Ross 308 fertile eggs were divided into 5 groups and placed in a hatchery machine. Five experimental groups included in ovo injection of 0.121 mg of nicotonic acid, 0.052 mg of pantothenic acid, 0.007 mg of folic acid on the 14th day of incubation period, positive control or injection control (physiological serum injection) and negative control (non injecting control). RESULTS: At the age of 18 days of the rearing period, injection of pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid in- creased the antibody titre against Newcastle Virus and folic acid and pantothenic acid reduced the SRBC titer. At 35 days of age, nicotinic acid and folic acid had lower SRBC titer than the negative control group. The highest lymphocyte to heterophilia ratio was observed in the pantothenic acid group and the lowest levels were seen in the folic acid group. In ovo injection of nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid caused weight loss in chicks during the first and second weeks of rearing period compared to positive and negative controls groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated a positive effect of in ovo injection of pantothenic acid and nichotinic acid on some immune parameters of broiler chicks. In despite of the negative effect of in ovo injection of nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid on growth rate of chicks during the first and second week of age, there was a compensatory growth for the nicotinic acid group such that this treatment positively influenced the final weight of the broilers.

[1]  S. Oliveira,et al.  Glycerol inoculation in eggs of young broiler breeders at different embryonic periods. , 2019, Poultry science.

[2]  S. Graczyk,et al.  Selected prebiotics and synbiotics administered in ovo can modify innate immunity in chicken broilers , 2019, BMC Veterinary Research.

[3]  Chuanxin Ma,et al.  Effects of pantothenic acid on growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant function of Wulong geese aged one to four weeks , 2016, Animal nutrition.

[4]  Xiaojun Yang,et al.  Effect of in ovo folic acid injection on hepatic IGF2 expression and embryo growth of broilers , 2016, Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology.

[5]  Wei Guo,et al.  Developmental changes of Insulin-like growth factors in the liver and muscle of chick embryos. , 2016, Poultry science.

[6]  Xiaojun Yang,et al.  Effect of in ovo feeding of folic acid on the folate metabolism, immune function and epigenetic modification of immune effector molecules of broiler , 2015, British Journal of Nutrition.

[7]  J. Wen,et al.  Influence of dietary nicotinic acid supplementation on lipid metabolism and related gene expression in two distinct broiler breeds of female chickens. , 2014, Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition.

[8]  Zhu Wenqi,et al.  Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor System Genes in Liver Tissue During Embryonic and Early Post-Hatch Development in Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Domestica) , 2014, Animal biotechnology.

[9]  N. Greene,et al.  Folate metabolite profiling of different cell types and embryos suggests variation in folate one-carbon metabolism, including developmental changes in human embryonic brain , 2013, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.

[10]  S. Garg,et al.  Maternal Diet Supplemented with Methyl-Donors Protects against Atherosclerosis in F1 ApoE−/− Mice , 2013, PloS one.

[11]  D. Lanska.  The Discovery of Niacin, Biotin, and Pantothenic Acid , 2012, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[12]  L. Poston,et al.  Early nutrition programming of long-term health , 2012, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[13]  M. Xia,et al.  Folic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing MAPKs and NF-κB activation , 2011, Inflammation Research.

[14]  A. Molina-Berríos,et al.  Melatonin protects the cytochrome P450 system through a novel antioxidant mechanism. , 2010, Chemico-biological interactions.

[15]  G. Horgan,et al.  Blood folate status and expression of proteins involved in immune function, inflammation, and coagulation: biochemical and proteomic changes in the plasma of humans in response to long-term synthetic folic acid supplementation. , 2010, Journal of proteome research.

[16]  C. Coon,et al.  Developmental changes of plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factors, thyroid hormones, and glucose concentrations in chick embryos and hatched chicks. , 2007, Poultry science.

[17]  G. B. Havenstein,et al.  A comparison of the immune response of a 2001 commercial broiler with a 1957 randombred broiler strain when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. , 2003, Poultry science.

[18]  H. S. Siegel,et al.  Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. , 1983, Avian diseases.

[19]  K. Grasman.  In vivo functional tests for assessing immunotoxicity in birds. , 2010, Methods in molecular biology.

[20]  R. Harms,et al.  Reassessment of pantothenic acid requirement for single comb White Leghorn pullets from 0 to 6 weeks of age and its subsequent effect on sexual maturity. , 1991, Poultry science.

[21]  C H CUNNINGHAM,et al.  Newcastle disease. , 1947, Journal of bacteriology.