Pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza: a deadly combination.

[1]  S. Madhi,et al.  Novel approaches to the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[2]  M. Bergeron,et al.  Infection with Human Metapneumovirus Predisposes Mice to Severe Pneumococcal Pneumonia , 2008, Journal of Virology.

[3]  Anthony S Fauci,et al.  Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. , 2008, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[4]  G. Dennis Shanks,et al.  Deaths from Bacterial Pneumonia during 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic , 2008, Emerging infectious diseases.

[5]  S. Madhi,et al.  Lessons learned from clinical trials evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy against pneumonia and invasive disease. , 2008, Vaccine.

[6]  D. Metzger,et al.  Inhibition of pulmonary antibacterial defense by interferon-γ during recovery from influenza infection , 2008, Nature Medicine.

[7]  E. Simões,et al.  Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection and invasive pneumococcal disease in Danish children aged <2 years: a population-based cohort study. , 2008, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[8]  Y. Cheung,et al.  C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin in the evaluation of the efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Gambian children , 2008, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[9]  J. Scott,et al.  The Descriptive Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children and Adults in Kilifi District, Kenya , 2008, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[10]  A. Shefer,et al.  Health care utilization for pneumonia in young children after routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in the United States. , 2007, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[11]  P. Arbogast,et al.  Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis , 2007, The Lancet.

[12]  Anthony S Fauci,et al.  The 1918 influenza pandemic: insights for the 21st century. , 2007, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[13]  S. Madhi,et al.  World Health Organisation definition of "radiologically-confirmed pneumonia" may under-estimate the true public health value of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines. , 2007, Vaccine.

[14]  Brian Chin,et al.  Estimation of potential global pandemic influenza mortality on the basis of vital registry data from the 1918–20 pandemic: a quantitative analysis , 2006, The Lancet.

[15]  T. Cherian,et al.  Effectiveness of Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age for Prevention of Pneumonia: Updated Analysis Using World Health Organization Standardized Interpretation of Chest Radiographs , 2006, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[16]  J. McCullers.  Insights into the Interaction between Influenza Virus and Pneumococcus , 2006, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[17]  S. Madhi,et al.  Pneumococcal coinfection with human metapneumovirus. , 2006, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[18]  S. Madhi,et al.  Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein to Define Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Efficacy in the Prevention of Pneumonia , 2006, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[19]  V. Smil.  The Next 50 Years: Fatal Discontinuities , 2005 .

[20]  J. Carlin,et al.  Standardized interpretation of paediatric chest radiographs for the diagnosis of pneumonia in epidemiological studies. , 2005, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[21]  Robert E Black,et al.  WHO estimates of the causes of death in children , 2005, The Lancet.

[22]  S. Obaro,et al.  Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial , 2005, The Lancet.

[23]  W. Schaffner,et al.  Seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease: temporal relation to documented influenza and respiratory syncytial viral circulation. , 2005, The American journal of medicine.

[24]  J. Robins,et al.  Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza , 2004, Nature.

[25]  Shabir A Madhi,et al.  A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia , 2004, Nature Medicine.

[26]  Kurt Olsen,et al.  Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. , 2004, Pediatrics.

[27]  B. Cunha.  Influenza: historical aspects of epidemics and pandemics. , 2004, Infectious disease clinics of North America.

[28]  S. Madhi,et al.  A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  E. Lewis,et al.  Effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children younger than five years of age for prevention of pneumonia , 2002, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[30]  J. Rehg,et al.  Lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of a mouse model and the role of platelet-activating factor receptor. , 2002, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[31]  S. Dowell,et al.  Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[32]  R. Wunderink,et al.  The influence of the severity of community-acquired pneumonia on the usefulness of blood cultures. , 2001, Respiratory medicine.

[33]  S. Dowell,et al.  Mortality from pneumonia in children in the United States, 1939 through 1996. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[34]  K. O'Brien,et al.  Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: the role of preceding influenza infection. , 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[35]  O. Ruuskanen,et al.  Etiology of community‐acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children , 2000, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[36]  E F Mitchel,et al.  The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[37]  S. Skerrett.  Diagnostic testing for community-acquired pneumonia. , 1999, Clinics in chest medicine.

[38]  T. Heikkinen,et al.  Prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  R. Henig.  A Dancing Matrix: Voyages Along the Viral Frontier , 1993 .

[40]  M. Leinonen,et al.  Bacterial involvement in parainfluenza virus infection in children. , 1990, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.

[41]  M. Leinonen,et al.  Bacterial coinfection in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infections , 1989, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[42]  C. Stuart-harris,et al.  Influenza and its complications. , 1959, British medical bulletin.

[43]  G. T. Stewart,et al.  Family Studies of Respiratory Infections , 1958, British medical journal.

[44]  W. G. Smillie,et al.  A Study of a Type I Pneumococcus Epidemic at the State Hospital at Worcester, Mass. , 1938, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[45]  C. J. Stoddard,et al.  PNEUMONIA AS A COMPLICATION OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA , 1919 .

[46]  J. G. Hopkins,et al.  ACCOUNT OF AN EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA AMONG AMERICAN TROOPS IN ENGLAND , 1919 .

[47]  L. A. Conner.  THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND COMPLICATIONS OF INFLUENZA , 1919 .

[48]  J. E. Mcclelland.  BACTERIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA AT CAMP BEAUREGARD, LA , 1919 .

[49]  W. J. Wilson,et al.  BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON INFLUENZA AS SEEN IN FRANCE DURING 1918 , 1919 .

[50]  F. H. Lamb,et al.  THE EPIDEMIC RESPIRATORY INFECTION AT CAMP CODY, N. M. , 1919 .

[51]  R. A. Kinsella.  THE BACTERIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA AND PNEUMONIA , 1919 .

[52]  F. L. Armitage.  NOTE ON “INFLUENZA” AND PNEUMONIA , 1919, British medical journal.

[53]  H. T. Chickering,et al.  STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PNEUMONIA , 1919 .

[54]  G. Swift,et al.  INFLUENZA AND INFLUENZAL PNEUMONIA AT FORT RILEY, KANSAS: FROM SEPT. 15 TO NOV. 1, 1918 , 1919 .

[55]  E. H. Heath,et al.  A BACTERIOLOGIC STUDY OF THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC AT CAMP DEVENS, MASS. , 1919 .

[56]  B. Lloyd,et al.  INFLUENZA AS SEEN AT THE PUGET SOUND NAVY YARD , 1919 .

[57]  F. W. Hartman,et al.  TREATMENT OF INFLUENZAL PNEUMONIA WITH PLASMA OF CONVALESCENT PATIENTS , 1919 .

[58]  R. Muir,et al.  Observations ON INFLUENZA AND ITS COMPLICATIONS , 1919, British medical journal.

[59]  W. Brem,et al.  PANDEMIC INFLUENZA AND SECONDARY PNEUMONIA AT CAMP FREMONT, CALIF. , 1918 .

[60]  W. Blanton,et al.  A RECENT EPIDEMIC OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION AT CAMP CUSTER, MICH.: PRELIMINARY LABORATORY REPORT , 1918 .

[61]  G. Soper.  THE PANDEMIC IN THE ARMY CAMPS , 1918 .

[62]  E. Hirsch,et al.  EPIDEMIC OF BRONCHOPNEUMONIA AT CAMP GRANT, ILL.: PRELIMINARY BACTERIOLOGIC REPORT , 1918 .

[63]  A. Friedlander,et al.  THE EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA AT CAMP SHERMAN, OHIO , 1918 .

[64]  J. J. Keegan.  THE PREVAILING PANDEMIC OF INFLUENZA , 1918 .

[65]  E. G. Stillman.  FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA , 1917, The Journal of experimental medicine.