From Folksologies to Ontologies: How the Twain Meet

Ontologies are instruments for capturing and using formal semantics, and are often the result of a ”central committee controlled” style of working A new trend on the Web is the increasing popularity of folksologies in the form of social bookmarking sites Folksologies provide informal semantics and can be created and adopted by anybody anytime anywhere on the Internet Shared meaning in a folksology emerges through the use of tags that are used to bookmark web pages, their usage frequency being considered a reliable indicator of their usefulness and acceptance. Rather than choosing for either ontologies or folksologies, hybrid emergent semantics systems are needed that combine elements of both perspectives, depending on the particular application There is a need to analyse the larger picture (including the full range of semantics' functionalities in their context of use. In this paper, we outline a number of key design characteristics of emergent semantics systems (ESS) We examine the functionalities of two existing examples of well-known ESSs: del.icio.us and Piggy Bank Using the results of this comparison, we introduce DogmaBank as a proof of concept implementation of a next-generation ESS that introduces a more advanced combination of lexical and conceptual emergent semantics functionalities.

[1]  G Stix,et al.  The mice that warred. , 2001, Scientific American.

[2]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Emergent Semantics Systems , 2007, ESOE.

[3]  Erich J. Neuhold,et al.  Viewpoints on Emergent Semantics , 2006, J. Data Semant..

[4]  York Sure-Vetter,et al.  OntoWeb - A Semantic Web Community Portal , 2002, PAKM.

[5]  I. A. Richards,et al.  The Meaning of Meaning: a Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism , 1923, Nature.

[6]  Robert Meersman,et al.  DOGMA-MESS: A Meaning Evolution Support System for Interorganizational Ontology Engineering , 2006, ICCS.

[7]  Robert Meersman,et al.  Data modelling versus ontology engineering , 2002, SGMD.

[8]  Karl Aberer,et al.  A framework for semantic gossiping , 2002, SGMD.

[9]  Aldo de Moor.  Patterns for the Pragmatic Web , 2005, ICCS.

[10]  Robert Meersman,et al.  The Use of Lexicons and Other Computer-Linguistic Tools in Semantics, Design and Cooperation of Database Systems , 1999, CODAS.

[11]  Andreas Hotho,et al.  Information Retrieval in Folksonomies: Search and Ranking , 2006, ESWC.

[12]  Peter Spyns,et al.  Ontologies: a revamped cross-disciplinary buzzword or a truly promising interdisciplinary research topic? , 2021, Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies.

[13]  Sergei Nirenburg,et al.  Ontological semantics, formal ontology, and ambiguity , 2001, FOIS.

[14]  Daniel Oberle,et al.  The Knowledge Portal "OntoWeb" , 2004, Handbook on Ontologies.

[15]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Semantics for the Semantic Web: The Implicit, the Formal and the Powerful , 2005, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[16]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Ontologies and Knowledge Bases. Towards a Terminological Clarification , 1995 .

[17]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Formal Ontology and Information Systems , 1998 .

[18]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993, Knowl. Acquis..

[19]  Terry Halpin,et al.  Information modeling and relational databases: from conceptual analysis to logical design , 2001 .

[20]  Filippo Menczer,et al.  Algorithmic detection of semantic similarity , 2005, WWW '05.

[21]  Thomas Gruber,et al.  Ontology of Folksonomy: A Mash-Up of Apples and Oranges , 2007, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[22]  Diana Maynard,et al.  Benchmarking ontology-based annotation tools for the Semantic Web , 2005 .

[23]  Peter Mika.  Ontologies Are Us: A Unified Model of Social Networks and Semantics , 2005, International Semantic Web Conference.

[24]  Vipul Kashyap,et al.  The Emergent semantic web: a consensus approach for deriving semantic knowledge on the web , 2001 .

[25]  Yun Peng,et al.  Swoogle: A semantic web search and metadata engine , 2004, CIKM 2004.

[26]  M. Jarke,et al.  Fundamentals of Data Warehouses , 2003, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[27]  Terry A. Halpin,et al.  Information modeling and relational databases (2. ed.) , 2008 .

[28]  Fausto Giunchiglia,et al.  Efficient Semantic Matching , 2005, ESWC.

[29]  Zahir Tari,et al.  On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM 2005 Workshops, OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, October 31 - November 4, 2005, Proceedings , 2005, OTM Workshops.

[30]  Jan L. G. Dietz,et al.  The pragmatic web: a manifesto , 2006, CACM.

[31]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  Journal on Data Semantics VI: Special Issue on Emergent Semantics , 2006, Journal on Data Semantics VI.

[32]  Marc Ehrig,et al.  State of the art on ontology alignment , 2013 .

[33]  Peter Spyns,et al.  Lexically Evaluating Ontology Triples Generated Automatically from Texts , 2005, ESWC.

[34]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  OntoSeek: content-based access to the Web , 1999, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[35]  Nicolaas J. I. Mars,et al.  Towards very large knowledge bases, knowledge building and knowledge sharing 1995 , 1995 .

[36]  Robert Meersman,et al.  Formal Ontology Engineering in the DOGMA Approach , 2002, OTM.

[37]  Gerd Stumme,et al.  Conceptual Structures: Common Semantics for Sharing Knowledge. Proc. , 2005 .

[38]  David R. Karger,et al.  Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser , 2005, International Semantic Web Conference.

[39]  Tony Hammond,et al.  Social Bookmarking Tools (II): A Case Study - Connotea , 2005, D Lib Mag..

[40]  Michael Uschold,et al.  Ontologies: principles, methods and applications , 1996, The Knowledge Engineering Review.

[41]  Paul Miller,et al.  Metadata for the Masses , 1996 .

[42]  Peter Spyns.  Object Role Modelling for Ontology Engineering in the DOGMA Framework , 2005, OTM Workshops.

[43]  Kees van Deemter,et al.  Semantic ambiguity and underspecification , 1996 .

[44]  Sa Sa Buva.  Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Using a Formal Theory of Context , 1996 .

[45]  Deborah L. McGuinness.  Question Answering on the Semantic Web , 2004, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[46]  Enrico Motta,et al.  The Semantic Web - ISWC 2005, 4th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2005, Galway, Ireland, November 6-10, 2005, Proceedings , 2005, SEMWEB.

[47]  Steffen Staab,et al.  SEAL - Tying Up Information Integration and Web Site Management by Ontologies , 2002, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[48]  Vijayan Sugumaran,et al.  A semiotic metrics suite for assessing the quality of ontologies , 2005, Data Knowl. Eng..

[49]  Robert Meersman.  Semantic Web and Ontologies: Playtime or Business at the Last Frontier in Computing , 2002 .

[50]  James Farrugia,et al.  Model-theoretic semantics for the web , 2003, WWW '03.

[51]  Asunción Gómez-Pérez,et al.  Ontological Engineering: With Examples from the Areas of Knowledge Management, e-Commerce and the Semantic Web , 2004, Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing.

[52]  Zahir Tari,et al.  On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2002: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE , 2002, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[53]  Farshad Fotouhi,et al.  Emergent semantics and the multimedia semantic web , 2002, SGMD.

[54]  Dieter Fensel,et al.  Semantic web portals: state-of-the-art survey , 2005, J. Knowl. Manag..

[55]  Adam Mathes,et al.  Folksonomies-Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata , 2004 .

[56]  James A. Hendler,et al.  The Semantic Web" in Scientific American , 2001 .

[57]  Atanas Kiryakov,et al.  KIM – a semantic platform for information extraction and retrieval , 2004, Natural Language Engineering.

[58]  Timothy W. Finin,et al.  Swoogle: a search and metadata engine for the semantic web , 2004, CIKM '04.