CAPE: A cross-layer framework for accurate microprocessor power estimation

Abstract State-of-the-art system-level simulators can deliver fast power estimates for microprocessor designs, but often at the expense of reduced accuracy. The inaccuracies mainly stem from incorrect or over-simplified modeling of the target architecture. On the other hand, modern register-transfer level (RTL) simulators are cycle-accurate but overwhelmingly time consuming for most real-life workloads. Consequently, the design community often has to make a compromise between accuracy and speed. In this work, we propose a novel cross-layer power estimation (CAPE) technique that carefully integrates system-level and RTL profiling data for the target design in order to attain better accuracy. Our proposed methodology first leverages the SimPoint tool to transform a workload into weighted simulation points. We, then, present two different strategies to represent the critical segment of an application - either with a workload-specific simulation point (CAPE-WSSP) or, with the highest-weighted simulation point (CAPE-HWSP). Next, we profile the critical simulation point with an RTL simulator for maximum accuracy, while the other simulation points are simulated at system-level for fast evaluation. Finally, we input the integrated set of profiling data to the power simulator (McPAT). Our evaluation results show that CAPE can improve the power estimation accuracy by up to 15% for individual simulation points and by ∼8% for the full application, compared to that of a system-level only simulation scheme while adding minimal runtime overhead.