Regional Area Protection Scheme for Modern Distribution System

More and more renewable energy sources (RESs) are integrated into the grid with inverter interfaces, which brings new challenges to protection systems. This paper proposes a directional overcurrent relay-based regional area protection scheme (RAPS) for a modern distribution system incorporating high penetration of RESs. Protection components and the sensitivity-preferred setting principle utilized in local relays are presented. Then, a RAPS is proposed to accelerate fault isolation and enhance protection coordination. It is achieved by exchanging the pick-up signal and fault direction information from local relays within each predefined regional area. Breaker tripping or relay holding decisions are made by several RAPS criteria. The effectiveness of the protection scheme is verified by the simulation of a modified IEEE 34-node distribution system with different types of RESs. Simulation results validate that the selectivity, and speed of protection system can be improved by this scheme. Compared to existing protection schemes for the distribution system with RESs, the proposed scheme can be applied in complicated scenarios, such as partial loss of communication or failure of a local relay.

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