High-accuracy gain-isolated volterra nonlinear behavior model for wideband driver in optical coherent transmitter

Gain-isolated Volterra nonlinear model is proposed for the electrical driver. Experiment demonstrates 0.5dB Q error when input signal is PAM 2/4/8 corresponding to 4/16/64QAM modulation. Furthermore, nonlinear impact of driver and Mach-Zehnder modulator are simulated.