Identifying Essential Organizational Characteristics for Smart Urban Governance

In this paper, we identify the essential organizational characteristics of local government that are crucial for smart urban governance. To do, we conducted a systematic review of 96 articles on this theme. Through a qualitative analysis of these articles, we identified three main characteristics. The first is that governance is related to the nature of the relationship among individuals, interest groups, institutions, and government. It can be participative, collaborative or co-creative, and its mechanisms can be online, offline or a combination of both. The second is assets, which are useful or valuable elements providing support to smart urban governance projects in the form of funding, technology and human capital. The third includes management, involving elements of strategy and the positioning of local public administration, such as suitability in a legal context, vision and leadership, principles, project design, communication, strategy and also organizational and cultural elements.

[1]  Agusti Solanas,et al.  The pursuit of citizens' privacy: a privacy-aware smart city is possible , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[2]  Gianluca Misuraca,et al.  Smart Cities Governance , 2016 .

[3]  Samer Faraj,et al.  What Shapes Global Diffusion of e-Government: Comparing the Influence of National Governance Institutions , 2010, J. Glob. Inf. Manag..

[4]  A. Michael Huberman,et al.  An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis , 1994 .

[5]  Albert Jacob Meijer,et al.  E-governance innovation: Barriers and strategies , 2015, Gov. Inf. Q..

[6]  Sonia Royo,et al.  Keeping Citizens Engaged , 2017 .

[7]  Soonhee Kim,et al.  Active Citizen E-Participation in Local Governance: Do Individual Social Capital and E-Participation Management Matter? , 2014, 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[8]  J. Wareham,et al.  A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona , 2012, Journal of the Knowledge Economy.

[9]  R. Kingston.  Public Participation in Local Policy Decision-making: The Role of Web-based Mapping , 2007 .

[10]  David Walters,et al.  Smart cities, smart places, smart democracy: Form-based codes, electronic governance and the role of place in making smart cities , 2011 .

[11]  Peter Parycek,et al.  eParticipation for Adolescent Citizens (in Austria) , 2009, ePart.

[12]  Michel L. Ehrenhard,et al.  Open government objectives and participation motivations , 2015, Gov. Inf. Q..

[13]  Luis de Marcos,et al.  A Critical Analysis of EU-Funded eParticipation , 2012, Empowering Open and Collaborative Governance.

[14]  Theresa A. Pardo,et al.  Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions , 2011, dg.o '11.

[15]  José Ramón Gil-García,et al.  Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework , 2012, HICSS.

[16]  Anastasia Stratigea,et al.  Tools and Technologies for Planning the Development of Smart Cities , 2015 .

[17]  Vishanth Weerakkody,et al.  Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector a Case of the Brazilian Federal Government , 2015, EGOVIS.

[18]  John C. Henderson,et al.  Strategic Alignment: Leveraging Information Technology for Transforming Organizations , 1993, IBM Syst. J..

[19]  T. Ertiö.  Participatory Apps for Urban Planning—Space for Improvement , 2015 .

[20]  Sonia Royo,et al.  Perceptions About the Effectiveness of E-Participation: A Multistakeholder Perspective , 2014 .

[21]  Thomas Mejtoft,et al.  Open sustainability : supporting citizen co-creation for sustainability , 2011 .

[22]  K. Paskaleva.  E- governance as an enabler of the smart city , 2013 .

[24]  Emad Abu-Shanab,et al.  Factors Influencing Electronic Government Social Sustainability , 2015, Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Hum. Dev..

[25]  D. Roessl,et al.  Contextualizing the Governance of Community Co-operatives: Evidence from Austria and Germany , 2011 .

[26]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[27]  Maurice Mulvenna,et al.  Innovation of eParticipation Strategies Using Living Labs as Intermediaries , 2012 .

[28]  Adegboyega Ojo,et al.  Being smart: Emerging technologies and innovation in the public sector , 2014, Gov. Inf. Q..

[29]  Theresa A. Pardo,et al.  What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization , 2015, Inf. Polity.

[30]  L. Torres,et al.  E-Governance Developments in European Union Cities: Reshaping Government’s Relationship with Citizens , 2006 .

[31]  Jung Hoon Lee,et al.  Technological Forecasting & Social Change Towards an effective framework for building smart cities : Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco , 2014 .

[32]  Albert Meijer,et al.  Urban Technological Innovation: Developing and Testing a Sociotechnical Framework for Studying Smart City Projects , 2018 .

[33]  C. Harrison,et al.  A Theory of Smart Cities , 2011 .

[34]  M. Bolívar,et al.  Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance , 2016 .

[35]  M. Islam.  Towards a sustainable e-Participation implementation model , 2008 .

[36]  S. Tapsell,et al.  Citizen observatories as facilitators of change in water governance? Experiences from three European cases , 2015 .

[37]  Sonia Royo,et al.  E‐Participation and Environmental Protection: Are Local Governments Really Committed? , 2014 .

[38]  Michael Sachs,et al.  Collaboration for Open Innovation Processes in Public Administrations , 2012, Empowering Open and Collaborative Governance.