Room-temperature high spin–orbit torque due to quantum confinement in sputtered BixSe(1–x) films

Room-temperature perpendicular magnetization switching through giant spin-orbit torque from sputtered BixSe(1-x) topological insulator material Mahendra DC1, Mahdi Jamali2, Jun-Yang Chen2, Danielle Reifsnyder Hickey3, Delin Zhang2, Zhengyang Zhao2, Hongshi Li3, P. Quarterman2, Yang Lv2, Mo Li2, K. Andre Mkhoyan3 and Jian-Ping Wang2,1,3,* 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, MN 55455 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN 55455 3Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, MN 55455