Regulation of the dominance of planktonic diatoms and cyanobacteria in four eutrophic hardwater lakes by nutrients, water column stability, and temperature

De mai a octobre, pendant une periode allant jusqu'a 4 ans, on a etudie les caracteristiques dynamiques des diatomees planctoniques et des cyanobacteries dans quatre lacs eutrophes a eaux calcaires du centre de l'Alberta, Canada. Par l'analyse de correlation canonique, on a etabli des rapports entre la biomasse de diverses especes de deux groupes du phytoplancton et sept variables environnementales. Les caracteristiques dynamiques temporelles des lacs des deux groupes presentaient des differences au cours d'une annee donnee, ce qui suggere que les profils regionaux de la meteorologie ne sont pas responsables de ces variations. Dans un lac donne, la biomasse des diatomees presentait des variations atteignant un facteur 15, alors que la biomasse des cyanobacteries restait relativement stable au fil des ans. Les diatomees dominaient dans des conditions de faible stabilite de la colonne d'eau (frequence de Brunt Vasala, N 2 < 5 x 10 -4 s -2 ) et de faible temperature (<15°C). Par contre, sauf dans le cas de certaines especes (p. ex. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae), les cyanobacteries preferaient generalement de plus fortes valeurs de temperature de l'eau et de N2 que les diatomees. Les concentrations de phosphore totales etaient plus etroitement reliees a la biomasse du phytoplancton total qu'a la biomasse des diatomees ou des cyanobacteries. Ces resultats suggerent que la predominance des cyanobacteries ou des diatomees dans ces communautes phytoplanctoniques etait reliee aux profils de temperature et de melange de l'eau, alors que la biomasse totale du phytoplancton l'etait plutot aux concentrations de phosphore totales.

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