Multi-objective multi-level policy models: An application to regional and environmental planning

Abstract The article focuses on an integration of multi-objective programming models and hierarchical (multi-level) programming models. After a brief discussion of multi-objective models, the attention is oriented to a description of coordination problems in multi-level models and their relationship to multi-objective decision-making. Then a comparison between the foundations of such integrated models and public choice models (for example of the Arrow-type) is presented. The article is concluded with an empirical illustration of the use of multi-objective multi-level models in the field of regional and environmental planning in the Netherlands.

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