Retinoblastoma and p53 gene expression related to relapse and survival in human breast cancer: An immunohistochemical study

Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes may be an important aetiological factor in many human cancers including breast. In a study of 197 breast cancer patients, tumour tissue was snap‐frozen at the time of surgery and immunohistochemical labelling for p53 protein and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product carried out using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. Tumours were scored by two independent observers for the intensity of nuclear staining for each antibody. Expression of p53 protein showed a significant association with a shorter time to relapse (P = 0·03) and death (P = 0·02) (log rank test). p53 expression did not correlate with nodal status but showed a significant association with high tumour grade (P = 0·001). Rb gene expression showed no relationship to relapse or survival but loss of expression showed a significant correlation with positive lymph node status. The manner by which these proteins might act to determine tumour behaviour remains to be established.

[1]  D. Lane,et al.  Expression of p53 protein in infiltrating and in‐situ breast carcinomas , 1991, The Journal of pathology.

[2]  J. Bartek,et al.  Aberrant expression of the p53 oncoprotein is a common feature of a wide spectrum of human malignancies. , 1991, Oncogene.

[3]  T. Crook,et al.  Status of c-myc, p53 and retinoblastoma genes in human papillomavirus positive and negative squamous cell carcinomas of the anus. , 1991, Oncogene.

[4]  W. Benedict,et al.  The retinoblastoma gene functions as a growth and tumor suppressor in human bladder carcinoma cells. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  J. M,et al.  How the Retinoblastoma Gene May Onhibit Cell Growth , 1991, Science.

[6]  W. Cavenee.  Recessive mutations in the causation of human cancer , 1991 .

[7]  B. Angus,et al.  p53 expression in human breast cancer related to survival and prognostic factors: An immunohistochemical study , 1991, The Journal of pathology.

[8]  M. Noble,et al.  Retinoblastoma gene deletions in human glioblastomas. , 1991, Oncogene.

[9]  W. J. Brammar,et al.  Loss of chromosome 17p13 sequences and mutation of p53 in human breast carcinomas. , 1991, Oncogene.

[10]  Breast cancer genetics: some clues, more questions , 1991, The Lancet.

[11]  C. Marshall.  Tumor suppressor genes , 1991, Cell.

[12]  W. Blattner,et al.  Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li–Fraumeni syndrome , 1990, Nature.

[13]  J. Bartek,et al.  Patterns of expression of the p53 tumour suppressor in human breast tissues and tumours in situ and in vitro , 1990, International journal of cancer.

[14]  J. Nesland,et al.  Amplification and protein over-expression of the neu/HER-2/c-erbB-2 protooncogene in human breast carcinomas: relationship to loss of gene sequences on chromosome 17, family history and prognosis. , 1990, British Journal of Cancer.

[15]  M. Stratton,et al.  Mutation of the p53 gene in human soft tissue sarcomas: association with abnormalities of the RB1 gene. , 1990, Oncogene.

[16]  W. Gullick,et al.  NCL‐CB11, a new monoclonal antibody recognizing the internal domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene protein effective for use on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue , 1990, The Journal of pathology.

[17]  J. Cowell,et al.  Carrier detection and prenatal screening of the retinoblastoma gene , 1990, The Journal of pathology.

[18]  W. Lee,et al.  Suppression of tumorigenicity of human prostate carcinoma cells by replacing a mutated RB gene. , 1990, Science.

[19]  F. Collins,et al.  Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types , 1989, Nature.

[20]  W. J. Brammar,et al.  The retinoblastoma gene is frequently altered leading to loss of expression in primary breast tumours. , 1989, Oncogene.

[21]  B Angus,et al.  Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein: a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer. , 1989, Cancer research.

[22]  R. Weinberg,et al.  Point mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma antioncogene. , 1989, Science.

[23]  A. Forrest,et al.  ALLELE LOSS ON SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 17 IN BREAST CANCERS , 1988, The Lancet.

[24]  J. Varley,et al.  Structural rearrangement of the retinoblastoma gene in human breast carcinoma. , 1988, Science.

[25]  J. Minna,et al.  Abnormalities in structure and expression of the human retinoblastoma gene in SCLC. , 1988, Science.

[26]  W. Lee,et al.  Inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in human breast cancers. , 1988, Science.

[27]  F. Rilke,et al.  P53 expression in breast cancer , 1988, International journal of cancer.

[28]  M Terada,et al.  Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 3, 13, and 17 in small-cell carcinoma and on chromosome 3 in adenocarcinoma of the lung. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  H. Koeffler,et al.  Rearrangement of the p53 gene in human osteogenic sarcomas. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  M. Jay,et al.  A chromosomal breakpoint that separates the esterase D and retinoblastoma predisposition loci in a patient with del(13)(q14q31). , 1987, Cancer genetics and cytogenetics.

[31]  W. Lee,et al.  Human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene: cloning, identification, and sequence , 1987, Science.

[32]  H. B. Marsden,et al.  Breast cancer risk in mothers of children with osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. , 1986, British Journal of Cancer.

[33]  Stephen H. Friend,et al.  A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma , 1986, Nature.

[34]  L. Banks,et al.  Isolation of human-p53-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use in the studies of human p53 expression. , 1986, European journal of biochemistry.

[35]  J. Kingston,et al.  Second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma. , 1986, British Journal of Cancer.

[36]  V. Rotter,et al.  Cooperation between gene encoding p53 tumour antigen and ras in cellular transformation , 1984, Nature.

[37]  A. Levine,et al.  Two distinct mechanisms regulate the levels of a cellular tumor antigen, p53 , 1983, Molecular and cellular biology.

[38]  T. P. Dryja,et al.  Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastoma , 1983, Nature.

[39]  W. Benedict,et al.  Gene for hereditary retinoblastoma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to esterase D. , 1983, Science.

[40]  D. Pim,et al.  Detection of antibodies against the cellular protein p53 in sera from patients with breast cancer , 1982, International journal of cancer.

[41]  J. Haybittle,et al.  The cancer research campaign (King's/Cambridge trial for early breast cancer: clinico-pathological aspects. , 1982, British Journal of Cancer.

[42]  A. Levine,et al.  Post-translational regulation of the 54K cellular tumor antigen in normal and transformed cells , 1981, Molecular and cellular biology.

[43]  A. Levine,et al.  Characterization of a 54K Dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells , 1979, Cell.

[44]  E. Appella,et al.  Detection of a transformation-related antigen in chemically induced sarcomas and other transformed cells of the mouse. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  D. Lane,et al.  T antigen is bound to a host protein in SY40-transformed cells , 1979, Nature.

[46]  J. Yunis,et al.  Retinoblastoma and subband deletion of chromosome 13. , 1978, American journal of diseases of children.

[47]  M. Pike,et al.  Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. analysis and examples. , 1977, British Journal of Cancer.

[48]  P. Nakane,et al.  PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY A NEW METHOD OF CONJUGATION , 1974, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[49]  M. Stefanini,et al.  Fixation of Ejaculated Spermatozoa for Electron Microscopy , 1967, Nature.

[50]  D. Lane,et al.  p53: oncogene or anti-oncogene? , 1990, Genes & development.

[51]  Carl W. Miller,et al.  Human p53 gene localized to short arm of chromosome 17 , 1986, Nature.

[52]  R. Ellsworth,et al.  Second nonocular tumors in retinoblastoma survivors. Are they radiation-induced? , 1984, Ophthalmology.

[53]  J. Yunis.  Trisomy for the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 3: a syndrome. , 1978, American journal of diseases of children.