Antimicrobial activity of leaf and flowering cones of Abies cilicica ssp. cilicica (Pinaceae) crude extracts

Summary Introduction: Abies cilicica ssp. cilicica is an endemic species grown naturally in Syria. This taxon could be a potential and promising source of antimicrobial activity. Objective: Methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of leaf (LE) and flowering cones (FE) of A. cilicica ssp. cilicica plant were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 3 bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) pathogens. Methods: A. cilicica antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method (zone of inhibitions-ZIs), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (Microdilution broth susceptibility assay). Similarly, ciprofloxacin (10 mg/ml) and nystatin (5 μg/ml) antibiotics were used as a standard for the antimicrobial activity of bacteria and fungi isolates, respectively. Results: Data revealed that the acetone FE with highest ZIs and lowest MICs showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens, while, ethanol LE was the lowest potent extract against all tested microorganisms. P. vulgaris bacteria was considered as the most sensitive isolate by showing the lowest MICs value of 0.52 μg/ml, whereas, A. niger fungus was pronounced as the most tolerant isolate by expressing the highest MICs value of 26.67 μg/ml. Conclusion: The current investigation proved the potential activity of A. cilicica extracts as an antibacterial and an antifungal source grown naturally in Syria. Streszczenie Wstęp: Abies cilicica ssp. cilicica jest gatunkiem endemicznym dziko rosnącym w Syrii. Roślina ta może być wartościowym źródłem związków o działaniu przeciwdrobnoustrojowym. Cel: Badania miały na celu określenie aktywności przeciwbakteryjnej (Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris i Klebsiella pneumoniae) oraz przeciwgrzybiczej (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) wyciągów metanolowych, etanolowych i acetonowych z igieł( LE) i pąków kwiatowych (FE) Abies cilicica ssp. cilicica. Metody: Do oceny działania przeciwdrobnoustrojowego zastosowano metodę krążków bibułowych (ZIs), oraz metodę rozcieńczeń seryjnych w podłożu płynnym (MICs). Określano również indeks aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej (AI). Jako wzorcowe substancje antybiotyczne użyto ciprofloksacynę (10 mg/ml) i nystatynę (5 μg/ml). Wyniki: Stwierdzono, że najsilniejsze działanie wobec badanych bakterii i grzybów chorobotwórczych wykazywał wyciąg acetonowy z liści Abies cilicica ssp.cilicica, natomiast wyciąg etanolowy działał na te drobnoustroje najsłabiej. Spośród badanych bakterii największą wrażliwością na wyciąg acetonowy z igieł omawianego gatunku odznaczał się P. vulgaris (MICs = 0.52 μg/ml), a spośród badanych grzybów najwyższą wrażliwość wykazywał A. niger ( MICs= 26.67 μg/ml). Wnioski: Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na silne działanie przeciwbakteryjne i przeciwgrzybicze wyciągów otrzymanych z A. cilicica rosnącego w Syrii.

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