Terahertz wave localization at a three-dimensional ceramic fractal cavity in photonic crystals

A three-dimensional microphotonic crystal with diamond structure, in which a cube cavity of the stage 2 Menger sponge fractal is embedded, was designed in order to localize effectively terahertz waves. The crystal was fabricated from alumina ceramics by a computer aided design∕computar aided manufacturing microstereolithography and sintering process. The localization frequency was in good agreement with both the simulated frequency determined by the transmission line modeling method and the calculated frequency by using the empirical equation. The simulated amplitude distribution of electric field oscillations showed that three different resonance modes exist in substructures of the sponge with each half wavelength oscillation. The wave leakage from the single sponge fractal was effectively blocked by the outer diamond structure.

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