Edge Computing in 5G: A Review

5G is the next generation cellular network that aspires to achieve substantial improvement on quality of service, such as higher throughput and lower latency. Edge computing is an emerging technology that enables the evolution to 5G by bringing cloud capabilities near to the end users (or user equipment, UEs) in order to overcome the intrinsic problems of the traditional cloud, such as high latency and the lack of security. In this paper, we establish a taxonomy of edge computing in 5G, which gives an overview of existing state-of-the-art solutions of edge computing in 5G on the basis of objectives, computational platforms, attributes, 5G functions, performance measures, and roles. We also present other important aspects, including the key requirements for its successful deployment in 5G and the applications of edge computing in 5G. Then, we explore, highlight, and categorize recent advancements in edge computing for 5G. By doing so, we reveal the salient features of different edge computing paradigms for 5G. Finally, open research issues are outlined.

[1]  Weiwei Xia,et al.  Joint Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation Optimization in Heterogeneous Networks With Mobile Edge Computing , 2018, IEEE Access.

[2]  Petar Popovski,et al.  5G Wireless Network Slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A Communication-Theoretic View , 2018, IEEE Access.

[3]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Networks: New Paradigms, Scenarios, and Challenges , 2016, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[4]  Ke Zhang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Heterogeneous Networks , 2016, IEEE Access.

[5]  Theodoros A. Tsiftsis,et al.  Resource Allocation for Energy Harvesting-Powered D2D Communication Underlaying UAV-Assisted Networks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking.

[6]  Evangelos Pallis,et al.  Computing, Caching, and Communication at the Edge: The Cornerstone for Building a Versatile 5G Ecosystem , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[7]  Kai Hwang,et al.  Game cloud design with virtualized CPU/GPU servers and initial performance results , 2012, ScienceCloud '12.

[8]  Martin Maier,et al.  Mobile Edge Computing Empowered Fiber-Wireless Access Networks in the 5G Era , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[9]  Kenji Kanai,et al.  [Invited Paper] Overview of Multimedia Mobile Edge Computing , 2018 .

[10]  Junaid Shuja,et al.  Analysis of Vector Code Offloading Framework in Heterogeneous Cloud and Edge Architectures , 2017, IEEE Access.

[11]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  Decentralized Consensus for Edge-Centric Internet of Things: A Review, Taxonomy, and Research Issues , 2018, IEEE Access.

[12]  Christos V. Verikoukis,et al.  Application and Network VNF migration in a MEC-enabled 5G Architecture , 2018, 2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD).

[13]  Mohammad Saad Alam,et al.  Feasibility of Fog Computing in Smart Grid Architectures , 2018, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Networking.

[14]  Zhu Han,et al.  Applications of Economic and Pricing Models for Resource Management in 5G Wireless Networks: A Survey , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[15]  Ejaz Ahmed,et al.  A survey on mobile edge computing , 2016, 2016 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO).

[16]  Walid Saad,et al.  Joint Communication, Computation, Caching, and Control in Big Data Multi-Access Edge Computing , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[17]  Yunlong Cai,et al.  D2D Communications Meet Mobile Edge Computing for Enhanced Computation Capacity in Cellular Networks , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[18]  Shaoyong Guo,et al.  Cross stratum resources protection in fog-computing-based radio over fiber networks for 5G services , 2017 .

[19]  Weisong Shi,et al.  The Promise of Edge Computing , 2016, Computer.

[20]  Zhiguo Ding,et al.  A Survey of Multi-Access Edge Computing in 5G and Beyond: Fundamentals, Technology Integration, and State-of-the-Art , 2019, IEEE Access.

[21]  Jose M. Alcaraz Calero,et al.  NFVMon: Enabling Multioperator Flow Monitoring in 5G Mobile Edge Computing , 2018, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[22]  Junaid Shuja,et al.  Bringing Computation Closer toward the User Network: Is Edge Computing the Solution? , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[23]  Wei Hong,et al.  Digital Beamforming-Based Massive MIMO Transceiver for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communications , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[24]  Robert W. Heath,et al.  Millimeter-wave gigabit broadband evolution toward 5G: fixed access and backhaul , 2016, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[25]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Integrated Blockchain and Edge Computing Systems: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges , 2019, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[26]  Eneko Atxutegi,et al.  Exploitation of Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Distributed Mission-Critical Push-to-Talk Service Deployment , 2018, IEEE Access.

[27]  Toni Janevski,et al.  Energy efficiency of Fog Computing and Networking services in 5G networks , 2017, IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies.

[28]  Feng Xia,et al.  Green and Sustainable Cloud of Things: Enabling Collaborative Edge Computing , 2019, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[29]  Mubashir Husain Rehmani,et al.  Mobile Edge Computing: Opportunities, solutions, and challenges , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[30]  Byeong Ho Kang,et al.  IoTFLiP: IoT-based flipped learning platform for medical education , 2017, Digit. Commun. Networks.

[31]  Ejaz Ahmed,et al.  The Role of Edge Computing in Internet of Things , 2018, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[32]  Smaranika Mohapatra,et al.  Taxonomy of Edge Computing: Challenges, Opportunities, and Data Reduction Methods , 2018, Edge Computing.

[33]  Minyi Guo,et al.  Making Big Data Open in Edges: A Resource-Efficient Blockchain-Based Approach , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[34]  Jen-Shun Yang,et al.  Mobile Edge Fog Computing in 5G Era: Architecture and Implementation , 2016, 2016 International Computer Symposium (ICS).

[35]  Min Chen,et al.  Software-Defined Network Function Virtualization: A Survey , 2015, IEEE Access.

[36]  Xu Chen,et al.  Exploiting Massive D2D Collaboration for Energy-Efficient Mobile Edge Computing , 2017, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[37]  Susana Sargento,et al.  Mobility Prediction-Assisted Over-the-Top Edge Prefetching for Hierarchical VANETs , 2018, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[38]  K. B. Letaief,et al.  A Survey on Mobile Edge Computing: The Communication Perspective , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[39]  Nei Kato,et al.  New Perspectives on Future Smart FiWi Networks: Scalability, Reliability, and Energy Efficiency , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[40]  Seungmin Rho,et al.  Energy Aware Cluster-Based Routing in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks , 2018, Sensors.

[41]  Z. Haitao,et al.  Mobile edge computing towards 5G: Vision, recent progress, and open challenges , 2016, China Communications.

[42]  Yeh-Ching Chung,et al.  Application-Aware Traffic Redirection: A Mobile Edge Computing Implementation Toward Future 5G Networks , 2017, 2017 IEEE 7th International Symposium on Cloud and Service Computing (SC2).

[43]  Mugen Peng,et al.  Edge computing technologies for Internet of Things: a primer , 2017, Digit. Commun. Networks.

[44]  Gustavo de Veciana,et al.  Joint Scheduling of URLLC and eMBB Traffic in 5G Wireless Networks , 2017, IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[45]  Stefan Parkvall,et al.  NR - The New 5G Radio-Access Technology , 2017, 2018 IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[46]  Szymon Szott,et al.  CADWAN: A Control Architecture for Dense WiFi Access Networks , 2018, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[47]  Yue Zhang,et al.  APPA: An anonymous and privacy preserving data aggregation scheme for fog-enhanced IoT , 2019, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[48]  Wazir Zada Khan,et al.  Edge computing: A survey , 2019, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[49]  Mehdi Bennis,et al.  Living on the edge: The role of proactive caching in 5G wireless networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[50]  Raja Lavanya,et al.  Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things , 2019, Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering.

[51]  Jaime Lloret Mauri,et al.  Grey wolf optimization based clustering algorithm for vehicular ad-hoc networks , 2018, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[52]  Nirwan Ansari,et al.  Green Cloudlet Network: A Distributed Green Mobile Cloud Network , 2016, IEEE Network.

[53]  Ciprian Dobre,et al.  Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments , 2014, Big Data and Internet of Things.

[54]  Hervé Paulino,et al.  Ephemeral Data Storage for Networks of Hand-Held Devices , 2016, 2016 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA.

[55]  Jaya Rao,et al.  Packet Duplication for URLLC in 5G: Architectural Enhancements and Performance Analysis , 2018, IEEE Network.

[56]  Xiao Xu,et al.  Toward Haptic Communications Over the 5G Tactile Internet , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[57]  Tarik Taleb,et al.  Mobile Edge Computing Potential in Making Cities Smarter , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[58]  Xing Zhang,et al.  A Survey on Mobile Edge Networks: Convergence of Computing, Caching and Communications , 2017, IEEE Access.

[59]  Sherali Zeadally,et al.  Fog Computing for 5G Tactile Industrial Internet of Things: QoE-Aware Resource Allocation Model , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[60]  Shahid Mumtaz,et al.  Guest Editorial 5G Tactile Internet: An Application for Industrial Automation , 2019, IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics.

[61]  Irina Gudkova,et al.  Development of Intelligent Core Network for Tactile Internet and Future Smart Systems , 2018, J. Sens. Actuator Networks.

[62]  Gwendal Simon,et al.  The brewing storm in cloud gaming: A measurement study on cloud to end-user latency , 2012, 2012 11th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames).

[63]  Sang Joon Kim,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Communication , 2006 .

[64]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Secure Social Networks in 5G Systems with Mobile Edge Computing, Caching, and Device-to-Device Communications , 2018, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[65]  Jiann-Liang Chen,et al.  5G Virtualized Multi-access Edge Computing Platform for IoT Applications , 2018, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[66]  Ray Poynter,et al.  Global Mobile Market Research in 2017 , 2018 .

[67]  Jehad M. Hamamreh,et al.  OFDM-Subcarrier Index Selection for Enhancing Security and Reliability of 5G URLLC Services , 2017, IEEE Access.

[68]  Shangguang Wang,et al.  A Survey on Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Applications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions , 2019, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[69]  Poul E. Heegaard,et al.  Dependability of the NFV Orchestrator: State of the Art and Research Challenges , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[70]  Ying Gao,et al.  Quantifying the Impact of Edge Computing on Mobile Applications , 2016, APSys.

[71]  Gerhard Fettweis,et al.  5G-Enabled Tactile Internet , 2016, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[72]  Zdenek Becvar,et al.  Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey on Architecture and Computation Offloading , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[73]  Jing Wang,et al.  Edge-Oriented Computing Paradigms , 2018, ACM Comput. Surv..

[74]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  The role of big data analytics in Internet of Things , 2017, Comput. Networks.

[75]  Rong Yu,et al.  Exploring Mobile Edge Computing for 5G-Enabled Software Defined Vehicular Networks , 2017, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[76]  Tarik Taleb,et al.  Survey on Multi-Access Edge Computing for Internet of Things Realization , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[77]  Yaser Jararweh,et al.  A collaborative mobile edge computing and user solution for service composition in 5G systems , 2018, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies.