Learning Styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures

Although its origins have been traced back much further, research in the area of learning style has been active for—at a conservative estimate—around four decades. During that period the intensity of activity has varied, with recent years seeing a particularly marked upturn in the number of researchers working in the area. Also of note is the variety of disciplines from which the research is emerging. Increasingly, research in the area of learning style is being conducted in domains outside psychology—the discipline from which many of the central concepts and theories originate. These domains include medical and health care training, management, industry, vocational training and a vast range of settings and levels in the field of education. It is of little wonder that applications of these concepts are so wide ranging given the centrality of learning—and how best to do it—to almost every aspect of life. As a consequence of the quantity of research, the diversity of the disciplines and domains in which the...

[1]  Angus Duff,et al.  The Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI) and its Use in Management Education , 2004 .

[2]  Michael L. Birzer,et al.  The theory of andragogy applied to police training , 2003 .

[3]  T. Duffy,et al.  Psychometric properties of Honey & Mumford's Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) , 2002 .

[4]  J. Biggs,et al.  The revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire: R-SPQ-2F. , 2001, The British journal of educational psychology.

[5]  Teaching for Thinking , 2001 .

[6]  Peter Eachus,et al.  Learning Style, Academic Belief Systems, Self-report Student Proficiency and Academic Achievement in Higher Education , 2000 .

[7]  John T. E. Richardson,et al.  Researching Student Learning: Approaches to Studying in Campus-Based and Distance Education , 2000 .

[8]  David Steele,et al.  Learning style influences student examination performance. , 1998, American journal of surgery.

[9]  James Hartley,et al.  Learning and Studying: A Research Perspective , 1998 .

[10]  I. McManus,et al.  Clinical experience, performance in final examinations, and learning style in medical students: prospective study , 1998, BMJ.

[11]  Ritu Dangwal,et al.  Learning Styles Inventory – in the Asian context , 1998 .

[12]  F. Prins,et al.  The relation between learning styles, the Big Five personality traits and achievement motivation in higher education , 1998 .

[13]  Richard J. Riding,et al.  The relationship between cognitive style and personality in further education students , 1997 .

[14]  R. Riding On the Nature of Cognitive Style , 1997 .

[15]  R. Loo Evaluating Change and Stability in Learning Style Scores: a methodological concern , 1997 .

[16]  R. Riding,et al.  Towards a Categorisation of Cognitive Styles and Learning Styles , 1997 .

[17]  D. Dunn,et al.  Experiential Learning , 2019, High Impact Teaching for Sport and Exercise Psychology Educators.

[18]  Christopher W. Allinson,et al.  The Cognitive Style Index: A Measure of Intuition‐Analysis For Organizational Research , 1996 .

[19]  Noel Entwistle,et al.  Identifying students at risk through ineffective study strategies , 1996 .

[20]  N. Entwistle,et al.  Approaches to Studying and Perceptions of the Learning Environment Across Disciplines. , 1995 .

[21]  L. Swanson Learning Styles: A Review of the Literature. , 1995 .

[22]  Terry Bates Career Development for High Fliers , 1994 .

[23]  Frank Pearson,et al.  The Relationship between Cognitive Style and Intelligence , 1994 .

[24]  David H. Jonassen,et al.  Handbook of Individual Differences, Learning, and Instruction , 1993 .

[25]  D. Nias Adaptors and innovators: Styles of creativity and problem-solving: M.J. Kirton, Routledge London (1989). xv–234 pp. £35.00. , 1992 .

[26]  Peter Suedfeld,et al.  Cognitive correlates of conceptual complexity , 1992 .

[27]  S. Newstead,et al.  A study of two "quick-and-easy" methods of assessing individual differences in student learning. , 1992, The British journal of educational psychology.

[28]  Jeffrey K. Pinto,et al.  A Factor Analysis of Kolb'S Revised Learning Style Inventory , 1992 .

[29]  Alan Mumford,et al.  QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON LEARNING STYLES QUESTIONNAIRE , 1992 .

[30]  R. Sheen,et al.  Disembedded Figures in the Landscape:A Reappraisal ofL2 Research on Field Dependence/Independence , 1992 .

[31]  Winfred Arthur,et al.  Examination of the Construct Validity of Alternative Measures of Field Dependence/Independence , 1991 .

[32]  Ronald R. Sims,et al.  Improving the Reliability of Kolb's Revised Learning Style Inventory , 1991 .

[33]  L. Curry,et al.  Patterns of Learning Style Across Selected Medical Specialties , 1991 .

[34]  Richard J. Riding,et al.  Cognitive Styles and Preferred Learning Mode, Reading Attainment and Cognitive Ability in 11‐year‐old Children , 1991 .

[35]  Elke Geisler-Brenstein,et al.  Self‐Concept and Learning: the revised inventory of learning processes , 1991 .

[36]  R. Riding,et al.  Cognitive Styles—an overview and integration , 1991 .

[37]  T. C. Bello COMPARISON OF ELEVEN MAJOR LEARNING STYLES MODELS: VARIABLES, APPROPRIATE POPULATIONS, VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENTATION, AND THE RESEARCH BEHIND THEM , 1990 .

[38]  N. Entwistle Styles of learning and teaching: An integrated outline of educational psychology for students , 1988 .

[39]  John Suler,et al.  Imagery and Verbal Processes in Creativity. , 1987 .

[40]  J. Biggs Student Approaches to Learning and Studying , 1987 .

[41]  Ronald R. Sims,et al.  The Reliability and Classification Stability of the Learning Style Inventory , 1986 .

[42]  J. Biggs THE ROLE OF METALEARNING IN STUDY PROCESSES , 1985 .

[43]  F. Marton,et al.  On qualitative differences in learning , 2013 .

[44]  L. Curry An Organization of Learning Styles Theory and Constructs. , 1983 .

[45]  R. Riding,et al.  The Nature of Learning Styles and their Relationship to Cognitive Performance in Children , 1983 .

[46]  C. Marmar Conitive Styles: Essence and Origins , 1982 .

[47]  Kathryn Lutz Alesandrini,et al.  Pictorial–verbal and analytic–holistic learning strategies in science learning. , 1981 .

[48]  A. Rezler,et al.  The Learning Preference Inventory. , 1981, Journal of allied health.

[49]  Noel Entwistle,et al.  Styles of learning and teaching , 1981 .

[50]  Factors That Correlate with Cognitive Preferences of Medical School Teachers. , 1980 .

[51]  Stephen A. Stumpf,et al.  Learning Style Theory: Less than Meets the Eye , 1980 .

[52]  Thomas A. Widiger,et al.  Convergent and discriminant validity of measures of cognitive styles and abilities. , 1980 .

[53]  Charles A. Letteri Cognitive Profile: Basic Determinant of Academic Achievement , 1980 .

[54]  N. Entwistle,et al.  Identifying distinctive approaches to studying , 1979 .

[55]  L. Geller,et al.  Reliability of the Learning Style Inventory , 1979, Psychological reports.

[56]  R. Schmeck,et al.  Development of a Self-Report Inventory for Assessing Individual Differences in Learning Processes , 1977 .

[57]  S. Messer,et al.  Reflection-impulsivity: A review. , 1976 .

[58]  G. Pask STYLES AND STRATEGIES OF LEARNING , 1976 .

[59]  H. Reinert One picture is worth a thousand words? Not necessarily. , 1976 .

[60]  R. Riding,et al.  Imagery Performance and Prose Comprehension in Seven‐year‐old Children , 1976 .

[61]  F. Marton,et al.  ON QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING: I—OUTCOME AND PROCESS* , 1976 .

[62]  D. Kolb The learning style inventory: technical manual , 1976 .

[63]  Anthony F. Grasha,et al.  A Rational Approach to Developing and Assessing the Construct Validity of a Student Learning Style Scales Instrument , 1974 .

[64]  A. Castañeda,et al.  Cultural Democracy, Bicognitive Development, and Education , 1974 .

[65]  Sex Differences in the Relationship of Cognitive Style and Intellectual Functioning in Disadvantaged Preschool Children , 1973 .

[66]  Differential effects of discovery learning as a function of student conceptual level. , 1973 .

[67]  Gordon Pask,et al.  A fresh look at cognition and the individual , 1972 .

[68]  Gordon Pask,et al.  Learning Strategies and Individual Competence. , 1972 .

[69]  M. Bloomberg Creativity as related to field independence and mobility. , 1971, The Journal of genetic psychology.

[70]  A. Paivio Imagery and verbal processes , 1972 .

[71]  J. Kagan,et al.  INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE RESOLUTION OF RESPONSE UNCERTAINTY. , 1965, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[72]  S. A. Karp,et al.  Psychological Differentiation: Studies of Development , 1963 .

[73]  J. W. Getzels,et al.  Creativity and Intelligence , 1962 .

[74]  I. B. Myers The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Manual (1962). , 1962 .

[75]  S. A. Karp,et al.  Differentiation: Studies of development. , 1962 .

[76]  Philip S. Holzman,et al.  Cognitive System-Principles of Leveling and Sharpening: Individual Differences in Assimilation Effects in Visual Time-Error , 1954 .

[77]  G. Āllport Personality: A Psychological Interpretation , 1938 .