Differential Regulation and Action of Estrogen Receptors α and β in GH3 Cells.

The pituitary lactotroph, a well established target for estrogens, expresses estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and -β (ERβ). A truncated isoform of ERα, named TERP, is expressed in the pituitary, but not in the uterus. In this study we used the somatolactotroph cell line, GH3 cells, to examine 1) the expression of ERα, TERP, or ERβ and their regulation by estradiol; 2) the presence of receptor proteins; and 3) the effects of overexpressing ERβ or TERP on estrogen induction of the PRL gene and activation of the estrogen response element (ERE). Incubation of GH3 cells with estradiol (0.1–10 nm) produced dose-dependent increases in messenger RNA levels of ERβ and TERP, but not ERα, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Cell incubation with 1 nm estradiol resulted in a time-dependent biphasic increase in TERP and a delayed rise in ERβ, suggesting activation by both direct and indirect mechanisms. A polyclonal ERβ antibody directed against an N-terminal synthetic peptide was generated. This antibody detected ERβ-posit...

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