Abstract : The goal of the US military's Combat Casualty Care Research Program (CCCRP) is to reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from injuries on the battlefield through the development of new life-saving strategies, new surgical techniques, biological and mechanical products, and the timely use of telemedicine technologies. One of the program areas in CCCRP, Advanced Capabilities for Combat Medics Research, includes basic and applied research to discover and develop new knowledge and devices that enhance combat medical personnel capabilities for triage, diagnosis, and decision-making relative to combat casualty management. Military casualties may wait for hours before definitive health care can be provided, initial treatment and subsequent evacuation occur in austere environments characterized by limited supplies and limited diagnostic and life-support equipment, and provision of acute and critical care is labor intensive and must frequently be provided by non-physician medical personnel. Thus, the primary challenge for combat casualty care research is to overcome these limitations by providing biologics, pharmaceuticals, and devices that enhance the capability of first responders to effectively treat casualties as possible.