Verification of 3D freeform parts by registration of multiscale shape descriptors

Precision inspection of freeform parts takes an important role in manufacturing quality control. The aim of this inspection is to verify that the geometric dimensions and produced part tolerances meet quality requirements. This is achieved by fitting the scanned data to the computer-aided design (CAD) model. This verification is complicated since the produced part includes defects and distortions. Currently, industry uses semimanual verification, which is expensive, often inaccurate, and very time-consuming. This paper describes a new method for automatic registration and alignment of two 3D freeform shapes, one from the scanned data and the other from the CAD model. The method makes no assumptions about their initial positions. Instead, the proposed algorithm uses a multiscale shape descriptor to select features on the scanned data and identify their corresponding features on the CAD model. The proposed shape descriptor is invariant with respect to local shapes and is robust to noise. A coarse alignment is computed by finding and registering the best matching triplet of features. The iterative closest point algorithm uses resulting coarse alignment to achieve a tuned alignment. The proposed method is automatic, efficient, and straightforward to implement. The algorithm can also be effective in the case of partial scanned inspected shapes. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated on a blade model.

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