Phenomenological modeling of combustion and emissions for multiple-injection common rail direct injection engines

The high-pressure multiple injections in common rail direct injection diesel engines offer a possibility of simultaneous reduction of exhaust smoke and oxides of nitrogen. The purpose of the present work is to develop a phenomenological model to enable parametric understanding of the combustion and emission characteristics of multiple-injection common rail direct injection engines. The model is based on a two-zone formulation comprising of fuel–air spray and the surrounding air. The model predictions for combustion and emissions are validated with measured results of different multiple-injection schedules available in the published literature. The effect of parametric variations of multiple-injection scheduling on emission characteristics are predicted using the proposed model. It is observed that the simultaneous reduction of oxides of nitrogen and smoke is possible with an optimized pilot fuel quantity and dwell between the injection pulses.

[1]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  Reducing Particulate and NOx Using Multiple Injections and EGR in a D.I. Diesel , 1995 .

[2]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common-Rail Injection System Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine , 2001 .

[3]  B. Hjertager,et al.  On mathematical modeling of turbulent combustion with special emphasis on soot formation and combustion , 1977 .

[4]  H. O. Hardenberg,et al.  An Empirical Formula for Computing the Pressure Rise Delay of a Fuel from Its Cetane Number and from the Relevant Parameters of Direct-Injection Diesel Engines , 1979 .

[5]  Scott B. Fiveland,et al.  A Predictive Ignition Delay Correlation Under Steady-State and Transient Operation of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine , 2003 .

[6]  S. K. Singal,et al.  A Comprehensive Simulation Model for Mixing and Combustion Characteristics of Small Direct Injection Diesel Engines , 1995 .

[7]  Joseph Shakal,et al.  Effects of Auxiliary Injection on Diesel Engine Combustion , 1990 .

[8]  S. K. Chen,et al.  Simultaneous Reduction of NOx and Particulate Emissions by Using Multiple Injections in a Small Diesel Engine , 2000 .

[9]  Keshav S. Varde,et al.  Spray Angle and Atomization in Diesel Sprays , 1984 .

[10]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  Reducing Particulate and NOx Emissions by Using Multiple Injections in a Heavy Duty D.I. Diesel Engine , 1994 .

[11]  C. Finol,et al.  Thermal modelling of modern engines: A review of empirical correlations to estimate the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient , 2006 .

[12]  C. P. Gupta,et al.  Model for predicting air-fuel mixing and combustion for direct injection diesel engine , 1986 .

[13]  J. S. Chin,et al.  Steady-state evaporation characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel drops , 1983 .

[14]  Christian Hasse,et al.  Modelling of ignition mechanisms and pollutant formation in direct-injection diesel engines with multiple injections , 2005 .

[15]  Yifeng Wu,et al.  Application of a Phenomenological Soot Model for Diesel Engine Combustion , 2008 .

[16]  Gunnar Stiesch,et al.  A Phenomenological Model for Accurate and Time Efficient Prediction of Heat Release and Exhaust Emissions in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines , 1999 .

[17]  Christian Hasse,et al.  Modelling the Effect of Split Injections in Diesel Engines Using Representative Interactive Flamelets , 1999 .

[18]  Claudio Bertoli,et al.  Application of a reduced kinetic model for soot formation and burnout in three-dimensional diesel combustion computations , 1996 .

[19]  Jacob A. Moulijn,et al.  Diesel particulate emission control , 1996 .

[20]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[21]  F. P. Ricou,et al.  Measurements of entrainment by axisymmetrical turbulent jets , 1961, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[22]  I. Glassman.  Combustion. 2nd Edition. , 1986 .

[23]  Masahiro Shioji,et al.  A stochastic approach to model the combustion process in direct-injection diesel engines , 1985 .

[24]  Rifat Keribar,et al.  Heat Radiation in D.I. Diesel Engines , 1986 .

[25]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  Measurement of the Effect of Injection Rate and Split Injections on Diesel Engine Soot and NOx Emissions , 1994 .

[26]  Claudio Bertoli,et al.  Three Dimensional Calculations of DI Diesel Engine Combustion and Comparison whit In Cylinder Sampling Valve Data , 1992 .

[27]  F. Poplow,et al.  Three Dimensional Modeling of Combustion and Soot Formation in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine , 1990 .

[28]  Marco Sorrentino,et al.  Development and Identification of Phenomenological Models for Combustion and Emissions of Common-Rail Multi-Jet Diesel Engines , 2004 .

[29]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  The influence of engine speed and load on the heat transfer between gases and in-cylinder walls at fired and motored conditions of an IDI diesel engine , 2008 .

[30]  Federico Millo,et al.  Experimental investigation on the effect of multiple injection strategies on emissions, noise and brake specific fuel consumption of an automotive direct injection common-rail diesel engine , 2003 .

[31]  H. Hiroyasu,et al.  Development and Use of a Spray Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant Emissions : Part 1 Combustion Modeling , 1983 .

[32]  K. C. Midkiff,et al.  Development of a multizone model for direct injection diesel combustion , 2004 .

[33]  N Watson,et al.  A Combustion Correlation for Diesel Engine Simulation , 1980 .

[34]  Federico Millo,et al.  Experimental Investigation on Soot and NOx Formation in a DI Common Rail Diesel Engine with Pilot Injection , 2001 .